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Czym jest rozumienie w humanistyce? Próba odpowiedzi Hansa-Georga Gadamera

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Luc J.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2013
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vol. 25
125 - 140
EN
The aim of this article is to extract from Gadamer’s writings his view about understanding in the humanities and to confront the results of this research with analyses of other interpreters. The key to the epistemology of the humanities is the ontology of its subject and, above all, its object. The former has been characterized by its finiteness, historicity and irremovable assumptionism of cognition. To the latter two basic features have been ascribed: dynamism (it exists only as the motion of thinking) and indefiniteness in such, which is connected with the fact that it is not given, but created by the subject. In the humanities understood in such a way we can only have the existential, and not classic, concept of truth. The very humanistic activity is more about creation than cognition.
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Zagadnienie redukcjonizmu w filozofii biologii

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Luc J.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2013
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issue 52
179-201
PL
The aim of this article was to present one of the methods of reconciling of epistemological antireductionism and ontological physicalism, which explains differences between sciences, through an ontological picture of the most general structure of reality. The main thesis held that accepting this perspective allows us to achieve the above-mentioned reconcilement. First, the main arguments for and against physical reductionism, were described before the ontological assumptions were presented; then the assumptions was analysed in the light of this ontological construction as well as some facts from the fields of methodology and the history of natural sciences. Finally, some conclusions were drawn from the presented vision. They were connected with the epistemological status of analogy and methodological postulate of simplicity.
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In the Maze of Philosophical Distinctions: Paweł Rojek’s Systematization of the Basic Issues Concerning Tropes and Universals

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Luc J.
Filozofia Nauki
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2020
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vol. 28
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issue 2
99-111
PL
This paper reviews Paweł Rojek’s book Tropy i uniwersalia: Badania ontologiczne (Tropes and Universals: Ontological Investigations). The subject of the book are the titular notions of tropes (i.e., abstract particulars) and universals. The first three chapters contain conceptual clarifications and the remaining three chapters are devoted to the interpretation of particular philosophers (Roman Ingarden, Thomas Aquinas, Hegel, and George Frederick Stout) in the light of the previously introduced distinctions. The review summarizes each chapter and discusses some objections to the author’s theses.
4
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Laws of Nature as Theoretical Entities? A Critical Analysis of Michael Tooley’s Ideas

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Luc J.
Filozofia Nauki
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2017
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vol. 25
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issue 1
49-64
PL
This paper examines Michael Tooley’s ideas about laws of nature. His proposal is to treat them as theoretical entities in a sense commonly used in philosophy of science. He uses the so-called “ramsification” procedure in order to make sure that such entities exist in a given theory. However, due to the nature of logical methods used by Tooley, his results do not have much metaphysical significance. Properties and relations are here represented by (or even identified with) set-theoretical constructions from individuals and cannot be interpreted as universals without further strong assumptions.
5
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Genuineness of the Problem of Change. Against Adam Andrzejewski’s Objection

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Luc J.
Filozofia Nauki
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2017
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vol. 25
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issue 3
137-144
PL
The problem of change concerns its inconsistency: according to the principle of indiscernibility of identicals, if two objects are numerically identical, they have the same qualities, so an object cannot change without losing its numerical identity. Andrzejewski (2011) claims that the problem does not even arise, because the principle is false: it links two kinds of identity that are in fact independent. I argue that, despite the apparent independency, numerical identity - in the framework of classical logic - implies qualitative identity, so the principle holds, and thus the problem of change cannot be blocked in this way within this framework.
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Four Contemporary Theories of Ontological Categories

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Luc J.
Filozofia Nauki
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2016
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vol. 24
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issue 4
95-128
PL
The aim of this paper is to present and compare four theories of ontological categories proposed in the last decades by: Hoffman and Rosenkrantz, Lowe, Thomasson, and Westerhoff. The paper takes the form of a series of 32 questions concerning ontological categories, grouped under 6 labels: (1) The goal of the project of a given author, (2) The nature of categories, (3) Differences between categories, (4) System of categories, (5) How should the system of categories be obtained? (6) Is there something beyond categories? Each question is followed by four answers that can be found in the works of the mentioned authors. At the end of the paper, there is a short discussion concerning possible ways of deciding between the four theories, and some reasons in favor of Lowe’s theory are tentatively put forward.
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Law or Form? Francis Bacon’s Conceptions of Regularities in Nature

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Luc J.
Filozofia Nauki
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2019
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vol. 27
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issue 1
95-120
PL
The aim of this paper is to analyze the terms “law” (of nature) and “form” in two works of Francis Bacon: the Novum Organum and The Advancement of Learning. The term “form” belongs to the scholastic tradition, whereas the term “law” is crucial for modern scientific methodology. The analysis starts with general characteristics of both terms and then traces them in Bacon’s writings. Both terms turn out to be important for Bacon, but it is argued that to fully understand his approach, his nominalistic tendencies should be acknowledged as well.
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What Does the Origin of the Notion of Laws of Nature Tell Us about Them? A Polemic with Ronald N. Giere

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Luc J.
Filozofia Nauki
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2019
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vol. 27
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issue 3
103-116
PL
The aim of this paper is to analyze Ronald N. Giere’s claim that the four characteristics associated with laws of nature - truth, universality, necessity, and objectivity - have a theological origin. It is argued that in some important cases theological justification of these features was absent, that some theological ideas made it even more difficult to think about laws of nature in this way, and that there were good reasons internal to science to formulate the notion of laws of nature in this particular way.
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