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Czy powinniśmy się obawiać terapii genowej?

100%

Dulak J.

Diametros

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2009

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issue 19

40-47

PL

Terapia genowa to metoda leczenia, w której lekiem jest kwas nukleinowy. Najczęściej jest nim prawidłowa postać genu dostarczana do komórek pacjenta za pomocą odpowiednich nośników, czyli wektorów. W terapii genowej podaje się także chorym dodatkowe kopie genów pracujących niewydajnie lub też hamuje ekspresję genów nadmiernie czynnych. W tym drugim przypadku stosuje się niekodujące białek fragmenty kwasów nukleinowych, takie jak oligonukleotydy antysensowe, rybozymy, pułapki oligonukleotydowe czy też ostatnio małe interferujące cząsteczki RNA. Od terapii genowej oczekiwano wiele, obawiano się jej i dlatego poddawano i poddaje bardzo ostrym regulacjom, surowszym aniżeli w przypadku klasycznych terapii farmakologicznych. W niniejszym referacie zwrócę uwagę na nieproporcjonalność stosowanych ograniczeń do ryzyka związanego z terapią genową, które nie jest większe niż w innych metodach leczenia. Przedyskutuję także problem efektów ubocznych, jakie pojawiły się ostatnio w wyniku skutecznej terapii genowej w złożonym niedoborze odporności i przedstawię problemy etyczne, związane ze stosowaniem tej strategii leczenia.

EN

Gene therapy is a therapeutic method which uses nucleic acid and usually consists of the introduction of the correct form of a gene into the cells of the patient. In such therapy patients are also given additional copies of poorly functioning genes or the expression of overactive genes is blocked. In the latter case noncoding proteins of nucleic acid fragments are used, such as antisense oligonucleotides, ribosomes, oligonucleotide traps or small interfering RNA elements. Much is expected of gene therapy, but it is also feared. For this reason it has been and is subjected to rigorous regulations, stricter than in the case of classical pharmacological therapy. In the present paper I call attention to the disproportion between such restrictions and the risk connected with gene therapy, which is no greater than that of other therapeutic methods. I also discuss the problem of side-effects that have recently appeared as a result of gene therapy in the form of complex immune deficiency, and I present the ethical problems that are connected with this therapeutic strategy.

2

Medycyna regeneracyjna w świetle relacji między nauką a religiami

100%

Dulak J.

Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej

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2012

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vol. 11

39-48

EN

For several dozen years stem cells have been used in therapy as bone marrow transplants, in the treatment of leukaemia or other blood diseases. Stem cells are also used in the treatment of burns, non-healing wounds or cornea damages. According to popular conviction, stem cells are identii ed with embryonic cells, which provokes both interest and emotion. Undoubtedly, the embryonic stem cells have the biggest potential to diversify and that is why they may be the best source in the cell therapy. However, because of ethic reservations accompanying these procedures, their use in many countries, including Poland, is much limited or even forbidden. For a few years research has been done to show the possibility to use somatic cells (iPS), whose potential seems to be equal to that of the embryonic cells. The author discusses the qualities and ways of obtaining and using both mature and embryonic stem cells, with particular regard to the necessity for the liberty of scientii c research and a patient’s right to make a choice.

3

Stem cells: applications, perspectives, misunderstandings

100%

Dulak J.

Nauka

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2020

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issue 1

EN

Stem cells exist and can do a lot. For several decades, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood transplants containing haematopoietic stem cells have been used in the treatment of blood diseases. Genetic modifications (gene therapy) of such cells help to cure complex immunodeficiencies and severe anaemias. The limbal stem cells taken from the eye and properly multiplied can regenerate the damaged cornea, and the epidermal stem cells help in the treatment of severe burns and some hereditary, severe skin diseases. Promising experimental research is under way on other uses of stem cells. However, these cells are appropriately selected, having real ability to differentiate into specialized cells whose malfunction is the cause of the disease. Therapeutic applications of stem cells are apparently limited to date. Meanwhile, the Internet is full of advertisements for supposedly miraculous treatments for almost any disease. Stem cells have become a modern synonym of the Holy Grail. A wonderful dish, transforming every drink into elixir of health, youth and long life. Stem cells from a single source, e.g., umbilical cord blood, or so-called cells, although without proven properties of stem cells, are offered in commercial private clinics as a panacea for autism, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, eye diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and dozens other disorders. Without justification for their action in these diseases, without convincing evidence of safety, but for a high fee. This article discusses stem cells and misunderstandings about including any cells among them. It draws attention to the real possibilities and confirmed uses of stem cells and presents the problems, doubts and dangers for patients associated with commercial offers of treatments using “stem” cells. The author cites the positions of scientific institutions and societies warning against premature commercialization of unjustified and potentially dangerous therapies

4

LISTY DO REDAKCJI

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Zdolińska-Malinowska I., Dulak J.

Nauka

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2020

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issue 2

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Czy powinniśmy się obawiać terapii genowej?

Medycyna regeneracyjna w świetle relacji między nauką a religiami

Stem cells: applications, perspectives, misunderstandings

LISTY DO REDAKCJI