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  1. 2 Dzieje Najnowsze

  2. 1 Studia Podlaskie

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  1. 2 2007

  2. 1 2004

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  1. 3 Litwinski R.

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1

Occupational Lots of Police Officers in Polish Historiography. State of Research and Research Postulates

100%
Litwinski R.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2007
|
vol. 17
283-298
EN
Comparing the police activity during Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919-1920 and September Campaign of 1939 a huge disproportion in preserved archive materials and memoirs should be emphasized, especially those referring to the latter conflict. The reason for this was most of all the political situation in Poland after 1945. The attitude of communist authorities to the pre-war State apparatus was unambiguously negative. The situation was further made more complicated by the lack of access not only to the archive materials stored in the USSR (and later in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine), but also to those stored in the Central Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Warsaw. We can talk about the beginning of reliable research on the history of police organizations operating in the II Republic of Poland only since the 1990s. Above all, a breakthrough occurred when some materials stored within the territory of former USSR, among others in the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the Ukraine State Archive of Security Service and the State Archive of Russian Federation, were disclosed and made available. Despite advanced works that have been done so far, the lots of Polish police officers during World War II still require intensive research. Numerous materials gathered in national archives still require a thorough query, moreover, it is necessary to get acquainted with the material gathered in the archives in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, including the materials of former Secret Service. A comprehensive query is to be made of documents gathered, among others, in the London institutes: Polish Institute, General Sikorski Museum, and Józef Pilsudski Institute.
2

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WARTIME OPERATIONS OF 1939 FOR THE POLICE FORCE IN EASTERN LITTLE POLAND

100%
Litwinski R.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2007
|
issue 2
77-95
EN
This article discusses the organisation of the State Police in Eastern Little Poland and the impact exerted by the campaign of September 1939. The region's complicated political situation was the reason why Polish administration was introduced with a certain delay. The organisation of the police force in the voivodeships of Lvov, Stanislawow and Tarnopol was not completed until 1921. An essential determinant of the terrains in question was their specific national composition, with the Poles comprising a decided ethnic majority only in the western counties of the voivodeship of Lvov. This is the reason why the Polish state authorities attached considerable attention to ensuring public order and security, which assumed the form of, i. a. the designation of police reserve detachments. The outbreak of the war disorganised the functioning of the police, intensified by the Soviet invasion, with the Red Army crossing the frontiers of the Second Republic. Despite the fact that the proximity of Hungary and Romania could have guaranteed a rapid evacuation of the police force from Eastern Little Poland, in many cases this solution was never applied. Consequently, we can distinguish several groups, the first being those functionaries who perished as a result of the armed operations carried out by the German or Soviet armies or by the Ukrainian population. The second group is composed of policemen–prisoners of war interned at the camp in Ostaszkow. The next group included officers murdered in Ukraine (the so–called Ukrainian list), followed by those evacuated to Hungary and Romania. The fifth group are men who went into hiding in terrains annexed by the Soviet Union and were subsequently arrested. The successive group consists of police functionaries who found themselves in terrains occupied by the Germans (the western counties of the voivodeship of Lvov), and the final group is composed of those policemen who despite their interment by the Soviet authorities survived the war.
3

THE REHABILITATION-CLASSIFICATION COMMISSION FOR FORMER POLICE OFFICERS - 1946-1952

100%
Litwinski R.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2004
|
issue 1
117-134
EN
The rehabilitation-classification commission was established by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 29 August 1945. Its fundamental tasks entailed: (1) the collection of opinions about former police officers who served during the German occupation or only until 1 September 1939, and who volunteered to reenter state service, as well as the establishment whether and in which departments of the state administration they could be re-employed, (2) the collection of data about those functionaries of the former 'navy blue' police who should be brought to justice (penal court or disciplinary liability) for their co-operation with the occupant, pursued to the detriment of the Polish Nation. Available sources show that the rehabilitation campaign inaugurated in January 1946 led to the examination of 8 247 applications presented by former police officers. Out of this, the total of 556 police officers were classified as non-rehabilitated. The commission itself was not repressive, although it should be kept in mind that the effects of the rehabilitation certificates issued by it were not permanent. They did not guarantee the avoidance of repression, an unhampered choice of employment, or old age-pensions. The authorities, on the other hand, attained at least two objectives: they selected those former police officers who could act as instructors in the Civic Militia, and determined the names of those who could be penalised for their disloyal attitude during the occupation. The commission constituted indubitably one of the elements of a system with whose assistance the communist authorities tried to deal with representatives of the so called 'sanacja (Pilsudski's followers after 1926) apparatus of oppression'.
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