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1

WORKING MEMORY AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: THE EFFECT OF UNFAMILIAR SOUND SEGMENTS ON VERBAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY

100%
Kovacs G., Racsmany M.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 3
399-431
EN
This paper reports on the experiment measuring the effect of foreign language sound segments on phonological short-term memory. The capacity of the phonological store and the accuracy of the representations is measured through a nonword repetition task in which participants reproduce two kinds of stimuli: L1-sounding nonwords, comprising first language phones exclusively and L2-sounding nonwords containing both native and foreign language phones. Responses were assessed according to a set of criteria which was devised to control for various production factors , in particular that of accent. The results show a significant difference between the recall of the two types of stimuli, which suggests that the presence of unfamiliar sound segments in the verbal input impairs the maintenance of short-term phonological representations and thus affects the whole process of second language acquisition. The study, at the same time, offers a novel methodological framework for further research on the role of working memory in vocabulary acquisition.
2

SPATIAL MEMORY FOR REFERENCE POINTS AND PATHS IN WILLIAMS SYNDROME: THE MAP TASK

81%
Racsmany M., Lukacs A., Pleh C.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 1
87-102
EN
Williams-syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a specific developmental profile following damage to a sequence on chromosome 7. A basic feature of the WS cognitive profile is assumed to be a dissociation between verbal and spatial abilities. In the authors' studies spatial memory performance of WS children was compared with three matched control groups. These studies allow for the analysis of several methodological and theoretical issues concerning spatial memory. The central issue in their studies was the attempt to elaborate a new task to measure spatial memory based on ecologically familiar tasks. This is the so called Map task requiring long term learning of spatial reference points and paths. Using the Map task they were able to show impaired performance in subjects with Williams syndrome both in acquiring reference points and paths. Spatial working memory capacity had a clear influence on long term spatial learning. However, retention of reference points had a stronger relationship to working memory capacity than performance regarding paths. On the whole, the Map task seems to be a useful procedure to investigate the development of spatial memory abilities.
3

NUMERICAL ABILITIES IN WILLIAMS-SYNDROME: DISSOCIATED ANALOGUE QUANTITATIVE SYSTEM AND VERBAL RECALL

71%
Krajcsi A., Igacs J., Lukacs A., Racsmany M., Pleh C.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
103-115
EN
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder accompanied by serious damage to numerical abilities. The working of two numerical systems, the analogue amount system and the verbal system, were investigated in Williams syndrome. Three different numerical tasks were used: simple addition, simple multiplication, and number comparison. A new matching method was introduced to find a proper control group. Typically developing control groups were matched using reaction time data from one of the tasks. The WS group had a relatively fast reaction time in addition and multiplication tasks (verbal recall of the number table), but the group was slow in number comparison (analogue quantity estimation in the intraparietal sulcus). In the number comparison task no reverse number effects were found, and the distance effect was stronger then in the control groups. On the basis of these data the postulation of an impaired analogue quantity system together with a relatively intact verbal recall system in Williams syndrome is supported.
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