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Výklad a autorita bible v polemice mezi Janem Gersonem a Jakoubkem ze Stříbra z roku 1417

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Coufal D.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2008
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vol. 131
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issue 1-2
45-72
EN
The article compares two hermeneutical concepts of the Bible interpretation, which arose 1417 as a result of the polemic between the leading theologian at the Council of Constance Jean Gerson and the restorer of layman-chalice Jakoubek of Stribro. Even though Gerson confirms to the Utraquists that the Scripture is an unrivalled and sufficient source of the divine revelation, he emphasizes simultaneously that this is true only for a right interpreted biblical text. Only in this case the Scripture endures no counterweight in the human argumentation. His ten hermeneutical rules reveal that the bare Scripture (nuda Scriptura) is for him neither self-authenticating nor self-interpreting. And as Christ together with the Holy Spirit trusted the right sense of Scripture with the church, particularly with the primitive one, the interpreter must draw it from the ecclesiastical tradition. Otherwise he is arrogant and proud and his understanding arbitrary. Jakoubek, however, advocates the opposite: the exegete or reader, it can be even a layperson, should read out the right sense from the Scripture itself. On one side he assumes that the interpreter cannot evade the literal sense of Scripture, author of which the Holy Sprit is, but must take it seriously as an indisputable prerequisite in the spiritual sense. On the other side he recognizes in the Bible even a narrower principle of interpretation: Christ's living manner (praxis Christi) and that of his apostles. Thus the biblical sense, which is derived by the reader from the Bible itself, can become the 'judge' of the post-biblical tradition and the interpreting church, while according to Jakoubek the contemporary church fails at its judgment. It seems very probable that the difference between these two theologians has its root in the divergent attitude to the applicability of the previous hermeneutical tradition, e.g. that of Thomas of Aquin and Hugo of St. Victor. While Jakoubek seems to rest on it, Gerson might have abandoned it, as he passed the criterion of interpretation from within the text on to the church.
2

Dva neznámé rukopisy k počátkům Jednoty bratrské v benediktinské knihovně v Seitenstetten

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Coufal D.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
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2010
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vol. 39
157-184
EN
This study presents for the first time in detail two manuscripts dealing with the beginnings of the Unitas Fratrum which are in the holdings of the Benedictine Library in Seitenstetten in Austria. Manuscript 72, dating from the beginning of the nineties of the 15th century, contains Latin translations of five letters written by the Czech Brethren to Jan Rokycana from 1489, which have been unknown till now and excerpts from five introductory chapters of the Sit viry (The Net of Faith) by Petr Chelcicky, also translated into Latin in 1477. Manuscript 302 contains a copy of the record of an interrogation of four prominent Brethren in Klodzko in 1480. This article indicates the possibilities of studying these texts, focusing on three main points: on their possible contribution to text tradition research, on research of the circumstances of the origin of their translations, and on the person of the scribe who made the collection. From the possible persons the inquisitor Jindrich Institoris has been excluded as his autograph doesn't correspond with the writing of the scribe being looked for.
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