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Evolution and Perspectives of the European Union

100%
Lukaszewicz A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2007
|
issue 19
52-69
EN
The article has been inspired by the Document: Council of the European Union, 10117/ 06 'Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy' (Brussels, 9 June 2006). The problems discussed are following: Historical process of the economic and social integration; Prerequisites of the European integration and political will; Disproportions and challenges - spatial and regional policies - ambitious struggle with historical heritage; UE budget and specific distributional policies - prolonged time horizons; National states vis-a-vis internationalization and globalization - collisions and/or harmony with MNC and TNC; Social Questions; European Monetary System; Some suggestions and recommendations for Poland's attitudes and policies.
2
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Saudi Arabia on the Road of Transformation. Attempt at Building an Economy Open to the Outside World

100%
Lukaszewicz A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2004
|
issue 15
97-112
EN
The paper presents the directions of transformations in the sphere of politics and economy taking place in Saudi Arabia in 1995-2004. The authoress tries to analyze the effects of the reforms being implemented, the degree to which they are comprehensive, as well as the level of threat to the reforms in the case of possible victory of antireformist forces in the Saudi Kingdom.
3
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Planning -Twilight or Renaissance (in Connection with the Integration Processes)

100%
Lukaszewicz A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2004
|
issue 14
79-91
EN
Neither twilight nor renaissance: the author argues, that the failure of the central - directive command planning of the Soviet type cannot overshadow the benefits or sometimes even necessity of development planning. Survival and/ or continuity of planning experience, while getting rid of counterposition 'planning versus market' is becoming particularly valid vis-a-vis contemporary challenges which national and international comunities are facing nowadays. He is referring to such questions as the distant time - horizons in a lot of activities, both micro - and macroeconomic, as well as those having global dimensions; to the badly needed planning in the R&D sphere; to the corporate planning; to the activities in the natural environment conservation and preservation etc. In many cases the analysis is illustrated by the problems and practices of the European Union.
4
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Influence of demographic factors on the political and economic condition of Saudi Arabia

100%
Lukaszewicz A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2004
|
issue 13
87-99
EN
The objective of the paper is to show the relationships existing between the demographic situation and the political and economic condition of Saudi Arabia. The authoress draws attention to the growing effect of rapid demographic increase that, combined with the inadequate government policy, leads to massive unemployment and, in the longer run, multiple tensions in the country's economy and policy. The paper critically assesses the economic policy instruments applied by the state aimed at limiting the scale of unemployment, such as: the reform of the educational system and the programme of promoting the employment of local population in place of foreign workers, i.e. the so called Saudization Programme.
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