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EN
Critical appraisal of the optimum currency area theory, seen as the theoretical foundation of the monetary union, opens the article. The author points to the reserved attitude of the promoters of the European Monetary Union (EMU) towards the theory of optimum currency area as containing the justification for the adoption of common monetary unit. The history of existence of EMU provides empirical data that display marked divergencies in macroeconomic conditions among euro zone member countries. The observed divergencies are discussed in reference to the literature of the subject. Arguments that surround the theory of optimum currency area on the one hand and the divergencies among economies that belong to the EMU on the other, provoke to ask questions addressing the issue of how to explain the phenomena that reveal themselves in the euro zone. The concluding part of the article contains an attempt to answer the formulated questions. An original theoretical model is used to provide hypothetical explanations of the processes that take place inside the EMU.
EN
The subject of the article is the theoretical aspects of the effectiveness of the sterilized currency intervention as a means to stabilize the fixed rate. Effectiveness of currency intervention, especially sterilized, is the subject of continuous controversy the resolution of which is searched for in more and more numerous statistical-econometrical empirical studies. In the face of contradictory and ambiguous study results as well as cursory empirical observation a particularly great importance should be attached to theoretical arguments that would provide a ground for interpretation and understanding of empirical observations. The main part of the article constitutes a critical overview of the theoretical views on the ways in which intervention influences the exchange rate. The conducted analysis leads to a conclusion that currency interventions directed to protect the rate level may in some cases be effective, but in others they may be ineffective. Such conclusion is perfectly consistent with the experience gathered. Contrary to the empirical analysis the theoretical perspective allows to look into the intervention mechanism and define the factors that may determine the effectiveness of intervention.
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