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1

DRUHÝ A STRUKTURA ZKUŠENOSTI: MEZI BLANCHOTEM A LÉVINASEM

100%
Koubová A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 8
774-780
EN
The aim of the paper is the comparison of the conceptions of Emmanuel Levinas and Maurice Blanchot, which should serve as a basis of the further contemplation of the relationship between thinking and experience. The shared critical view of the phenomenological interpretation of experience leads both philosophers to an alternative conception, in which experience transcends thinking and in face of such an experience the reality is an alterity. However, the experience of alterity, which underlines the wholeness and temporal unity of all human thinking, is conceived differently, resulting in different conceptions of subjectivity: By Levinas the dominating role is played by humankind as the opposite of the nonhuman, while by Blanchot the dichotomy is dissolved. His conception is thus a challenge to conceive the experience, thinking and reality beyond the human/nonhuman dichotomy.
2

SACRIFICE AND THE LUDIC STANCES REFLECTED THROUGH THE THEATRE PRACTICE OF THE 20th CENTURY

100%
Koubová A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 6
451 – 462
EN
One of the basic concerns of the philosophy and the humanities after the performative turn in the 20th century became thinking afresh about the status of the subject. How to conceive of subjectivity, if we abandon the essentialist idea of an autonomous, self-transparent, and rationalistic individual? The article investigates two different attitudes towards this situation: the stance of sacrifice and the ludic stance. In order to study the problem of the two stances coherently, the paper draws on the theatre practice of the 20th century and its understanding of the actor’s attitude to her role. It concludes that whereas the sacrificing attitude traps an individual in a vicious loop that does not allow for handling the new situation, the ludic subjectivity offers tools for developing effective strategies that not only allow for handling the human condition but even enable agents to profit from it and rejoice in it.
3

WHICH RESILIENCE? THINKING DEMOCRATIC SUBJECTIVITY IN THE POLY-CRISIS

100%
Koubová A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2024
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vol. 79
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issue 10
1129 – 1143
EN
In the context of the current poly-crisis, Andreas Reckwitz suggests that instead of emphasizing progress, Western liberal democracies should cultivate resilience. The question is: which resilience? The prevailing theory of democratic resilience focuses on securing the “invariant core” of democratic institutions. This article shows why this approach is insufficient and discusses the advantages of the multi-systemic approach. Democracy is here understood as a quality of the lived relational environment and a regime with social and ethical aspirations. Developing resilience in this context means nurturing the sources of democratic subjectivity and consistently opposing the inner and institutional violations in the society. As such resilience has nothing to do with invulnerability or protection against external threats. Instead it supports the resistance against the double binds caused inside democratic regimes by the neoliberal paradigm in the name of cultivating democratic agonism and transformation.
4

VZTAHOVÉ POJETÍ MORÁLNÍ SUBJEKTIVITY MEZI ETIKOU PÉČE A TEORIÍ HRY DONALDA WINNICOTTA

63%
Koubová A., Urban P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 9
717 – 730
EN
How can we consider human subjectivity as ethical, granted that human beings are essentially interdependent, self-opaque, vulnerable and ambivalent in their attitudes? The aim of this paper is to tackle the question against the background of the relational notion of subjectivity developed in the ethics of care. First, we analyse Carol Gilligan’s theory of moral development and focus on its underlying notion of relational subjectivity. Further, we revise some of Gilligan’s ideas with the help of the object relations theory and Donald Winnicott’s concept of the transitional area of play in particular. Finally, we show how Winnicott’s view of the role of play in human development, especially its capacity to be transformative, joyful, binding and critical, enriches the notion of relational subjectivity and its ethical implications as studied by care ethicists.
5

EMERGING SCIENCE OF MULTI-SYSTEMIC RESILIENCE: TRADE-OFFS AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN CONTEXTS OF ADVERSITY

63%
Ungar M., Koubová A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2024
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vol. 79
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issue 10
1174 – 1185
EN
This paper explores the concept of resilience as much more than a personal capacity to overcome adversity. Using reflections from ontology, ethics and epistemology, this paper offers philosophical contextualisation of resilience thinking and the corresponding paradigm shift. It shows that individual resilience depends on a person’s ability to navigate their way to the resources they need for well-being while making multi-systemic resources available in ways that are meaningful. Paradoxically, resilience is a consequence of how these multiple systems interact to support positive development and the feedback loops and trade-offs necessary to ensure that a single system’s success does not compromise the resilience of other systems. Five patterns of resilience are discussed, each a viable solution to coping with stress.
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