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1

Palenie tytoniu w Polsce na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej

100%

Mańczuk, M., Zatoński W. A.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

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2009

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vol. 7

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issue 2

PL

Smoking prevalence in Poland at the background of European Union countriesSmoking prevalence in Europe is worth analyzing in order to observe exposure of population to tobacco smoke, what is informative and mportant from the public health point of view. Aim of the paper was to compare smoking prevalence between European Union countries, with the special attention to Poland. The analysis was conducted separately by age, sex and smoking categories. Results part contains systematic review of the 2002 data for Poland at the background of the rest of the EU countries. Presented analysis shows past and present state of tobacco epidemics in Poland and is a good indicator of tobacco-related health threats in Polish population. Discussion part contains between others methodological considerations on how to read the smoking prevalence analysis results to avoid producing misleading message.

2

Zawartość substancji smolistych w papierosach sprzedawanych w Polsce w latach 1983–2000

100%

Zatoński W. A., Przewoźniak K.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

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2009

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vol. 7

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issue 2

PL

The content of tar in cigarettes sold in Poland in the years 1983–2000Cigarette smoke contains over forty carcinogenic compounds, including tar that is evaluated as carcinogen A for human beings. The World Health Organization recommends reduction of carcinogenic and toxic substances in cigarettes as one of the elements in cancer control programs and tobacco control policies. In the beginning of 1990s, the Polish norm for tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide was first time enforced in Poland. This paper makes an attempt to collect available data on the content of tar in cigarettes sold in Polish market between 1983 and 2000, analyze time trends for average tar content in these cigarettes, compare Polish data with study results from Unites States, Finland and other Central and Eastern European countries, and evaluate whether tobacco product control measures that have been enforced at that time contributed to reduction of tar in cigarettes sold in Poland and what was its potential impact on time trends in lung cancer mortality in the last decades.

3

Stosunek Polaków do wprowadzenia całkowitego zakazu palenia we wszystkich miejscach publicznych

81%

Jabłońska J., Przewoźniak K., Zatoński W. A.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

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2009

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vol. 7

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issue 2

PL

Attitude of Poles toward enforcement of complete smoking ban in all public placesWHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends enforcement of strong smoke-free policy in public places and worksites. Many countries of European Union, cities and states of the Unites States of America, Canadian provinces and other countries worldwide have been effectively enforced comprehensive ban of smoking in public places and worksites. Follow up studies show health and social benefits of the smoke-free policy. However, its effective enforcement requires public support. This paper analyzes results of the 2006 nation-wide randomized survey on attitudes toward complete ban of smoking in public places and worksites in Poland. In Poland, public support for the enforcement of smoke-free legislation (76%), even very restrictive, belongs to the highest in European Union countries. Its effective enforcement is crucial for improvement of public health in Poland since over 8,700 deaths (including almost 2,000 deaths among non-smokers) in Poland are caused by passive exposure to tobacco smoke

4

Palenie tytoniu a umieralność na choroby odtytoniowe w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej

81%

Zatoński W. A., Mańczuk M., Sulkowska U., Przewoźniak K.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

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2009

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vol. 7

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issue 2

PL

Tobacco smoking and smoking-attributable mortality in Central and Eastern EuropeTobacco is the major determinant of the health gap between the east (EU10) and the west part (EU15) of European Union. Over half of the excess mortality among middle-aged men in the EU10 countries might have been avoided if the tobacco consumption of these men had been the same as that of equivalent men in the EU15. The role of tobacco in shaping mortality differences between the EU10 and EU15 countries in women is less prominent than in men. Nevertheless, about one fourth of the excess mortality among middle-aged women in EU10 countries can be attributed to their higher tobacco consumption. 41% of male deaths between 35 and 64 years were attributable to tobacco smoking in the EU10 countries compared with 33% in the EU15 countries. The figures for women were 17% in the EU10 and 14% in the EU15 countries. It is worth emphasizing that, in some EU10 countries, the tobacco control policies and programmes have already produced notable results on tobacco- attributable mortality, in particular among men.

5

Trendy codziennego palenia papierosów w Polsce w populacji kobiet w wieku prokreacyjnym w latach 1974–2004

81%

Przewoźniak K., Szlaza J., Gumkowski J., Zatoński W. A.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

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2009

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vol. 7

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issue 2

PL

Trends in daily cigarette smoking among women at childbearing age, Poland 1974–2004This paper analyzes changes in daily smoking among Polish women at childbearing age (15–49). The analysis is based on nation-wide randomized surveys of adult Polish population (aged 15+) from 1974–2004. Study results show rapid increase of daily smoking rates in women at childbearing age from around 22% to 39% between 1974 and 1982. Since then, daily smoking has constantly decreased in this population (to around 30% in 2000–2004). The analysis also showed that in 1974 daily smoking rates in high educated women were much higher (20%) than in low educated women (13%). Today, the highest rates of daily smoking are observed in low educated women (32%) and the lowest in high educated women (21%). It was caused by biggest decline in daily smoking in higher educated women as compared with lower educated women. Above changes create new challenges in tobacco control and require new strategy in smoking prevention programs addressed to women population.

6

Palenie tytoniu w populacji mężczyzn i kobiet w Polsce w latach 1974–2004

71%

Zatoński W. A., Przewoźniak K., Sulkowska U., Mańczuk M., Gumkowski J.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

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2009

|

vol. 7

|

issue 2

PL

Tobacco smoking in male and female population, Poland 1974–2004On the basis of nation-wide randomized surveys, this paper analyzes patterns and trends of smoking prevalence in Polish adult (20+) population. In 1974, 62% of adult men and 19% of women smoked daily. In 1982, smoking rates reached the highest level ever observed in Poland (among Poles aged 20–39, 70-80% of men and 0-50% of women smoked daily). Percent of former smokers was low (15% for men, 6% for women). There was also big gender difference in prevalence of never smoking (15% in men, 70% in women). In the past two decades, substantial decline in smoking prevalence is observed. In men, decline in smoking rates (43% of daily smokers in 2000–2004), contributed to decrease in lung cancer mortality. In women, smoking rates have not changed since the mid-1980s and did not led to decrease in lung cancer mortality, however, there are three different age-specific time trends in smoking prevalence in female population.

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6 Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

6 2009

6 Zatoński W. A.

5 Przewoźniak K.

2 Gumkowski J.

2 Mańczuk M.

2 Sulkowska U.

1 Jabłońska J.

1 Mańczuk, M.

1 Szlaza J.

Palenie tytoniu w Polsce na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej

Zawartość substancji smolistych w papierosach sprzedawanych w Polsce w latach 1983–2000

Stosunek Polaków do wprowadzenia całkowitego zakazu palenia we wszystkich miejscach publicznych

Palenie tytoniu a umieralność na choroby odtytoniowe w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej

Trendy codziennego palenia papierosów w Polsce w populacji kobiet w wieku prokreacyjnym w latach 1974–2004

Palenie tytoniu w populacji mężczyzn i kobiet w Polsce w latach 1974–2004