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EN
The aim of this paper is to explain doubts that arise in the application of laws that standardize those forms of acts in law which require, as an indispensable element, a handwritten signature of the person who makes a declaration of intent, placed on a document that includes such a declaration. Problematic questions related to signature apply in particular to the following issues: what should such a signature express?; is it enough for it to only include the surname?; should a signature be legible?; what letter shapes are admissible when placing a signature? or where on a document must such a graphical sign be placed? The conclusions that flow from the discussion included in the article boil down to the following findings: (i) a signature must be understood as a graphical sign that includes at least the surname that allows identification of the author of the declaration of intent; (ii) the signature may be illegible, some letters may be omitted; (iii) it is admissible for the signature to be made in capital letters; (iv) the signature should be placed under the text of the declaration of intent; (v) the person who only acquired the skill to write their first and second name may make a declaration of intent in writing.
EN
As a result of a divorce or death of one of the spouses, the existing joint marital property transforms into fractional co-ownership. The courts do not have doubts in their decisions as to the belief that in the case of a divorce declared by a final court judgement the spouse, without the division of possessions gained, may effectively dispose of his or her share in the co-ownership of real estate. The conclusion of this article is that the surviving spouse may dispose of his or her share in co-ownership of real estate also in the event of the death of the other spouse. Documents that suffice to enter the acquirer of such a share into the land and mortgage register include the death certificate of one of the spouses and an agreement transferring the share in the real estate onto the acquirer.
EN
(Title in Polish - 'W sprawie kompetencji zgromadzenia wspólników do odwolania czlonka zarzadu spólki zo ograniczona odpowiedzialnoscia). The authors concern the question whether due to article 201 and 203 of the Polish Code of Commercial Companies the shareholders' meeting may be successfully deprived of the right to remove a member of the management board of the limited liability company. They share the opinion, expressed by the Polish Supreme Court, that it is imposible, presenting some new essential arguments supporting this thesis.
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