The article presents the theoretical basis for constructing the existing tax system during the periods of 1992–1993 and indicates how well experiences and lessons drawn from highly developed capitalist countries were used in building the Polish tax system. The Polish Tax doctrine had its characterization and this was made possible by the use of selected empirical data to support it in this article. The paper presents the criteria of evaluation of the Polish Tax system. Presented in this paper is a selection of tax arrangements references of the old European Union member countries. In conclusion, according to the author, realistic proposals for changes in the tax system and tax policy have been suggested.
PL
W artykule zostały przedstawione teoretyczne podstawy zbudowanego w latach 1992–1993 i istniejącego nadal systemu podatkowego. Dokonano oceny stopnia wykorzystania doświadczeń wysoko rozwiniętych krajów kapitalistycznych. Scharakteryzowano także polską doktrynę podatkową i jej skutki przy pomocy wybranych danych empirycznych. Przyjęte zostały kryteria oceny systemu podatkowego. Dokonano wybranych odniesień do rozwiązań podatkowych krajów starej Unii Europejskiej. W zakończeniu przedstawiono realistyczne propozycje zmian w systemie podatkowym.
The purpose of opinion is the characteristic of the Euro Plus Pact and documents, that were created on its basis. At the beginning the author describes the content of acts on “economic governance” (“six-pack”, which consists of five regulations of the European and Council and one Directive of a Council). Then he reports the principles of functioning of Fiscal Pact and European Stability Mechanism (ESM). Author draws attention to the tightening of financial discipline and introduction of additional sanctions for Member States. He also questions the point of imposing financial penalties for a country facing a difficult situation. Similarly, the small benefits could be achieved from accession to the ESM. From the Polish point of view the fundamental importance has the Council Directive 2011/85/EU of 8 November on requirements for budgetary frameworks of the Member States.
This paper discusses the links between long-term financial planning and performance-based budgeting and assesses the beneficial effect that extension of financial period can produce. The article begins with presenting the rationale and advantages behind introduction of multiannual budget planning. In the second part the author looks at the legal framework for multiannual financial planning in Poland. Next, the connection between performance-based budgeting and multiannual financial plans and the strengths of the latter are covered.
The paper addresses the concept of the so-called Eurobonds. A concept, which will place emphasis on the financial stability of sovereign debt market, facilitating access of member countries of the euro area to money lending, and reducing the cost of raising money. The Green Paper addresses matters which – depending on the finally adopted solution – may be contrary to the current wording of Article 125 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.