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Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

100%
Szczepanowski R.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 2
56-64
EN
The present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.
2
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Psychophysical Approach Towards Conscious Repression of Affective Stimuli

100%
Szczepanowski R.
Psychological Studies
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2011
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vol. 49
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issue 1
73-86
EN
The present paper posited a psychophysical model of conscious repression of affective stimuli. Measurement of conscious repression employed a three-state threshold model of perception. The psychophysical model of repression was empirically justified with a backward masking paradigm. Given the masking data, it was shown that it is plausible that repression of affective information can occur for 41-ms stimulation. The psychophysical model of repression suggests that there is an inhibitory effect of access consciousness on subjective experience of emotional stimuli.
3

Mechanizmy tłumienia niepożądanych odczuć i myśli w ujęciu metapoznawczym

63%
Cichoń E., Szczepanowski R.
Rocznik Kognitywistyczny
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2015
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vol. 8
PL
Suppression of unwanted feelings and thoughts: towards a metacognitive aproachIn the context of processing unwanted thoughts, memories or emotion, the main cognitive goal of individual is to suppress such undesired contents by keeping them out of consciousness. This paper provides an overview of empirical and clinical studies as well as theoretical models regarding suppression mechanisms of unwanted contents. Our main focus was to clarify controversial aspects related to efficiency of suppression in regulating behaviour. In particular, we emphasised significance of metacognition for suppression claiming that successful suppression requires concordant combination of both control and monitoring processes.
4
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Psychophysical evidence for distinct contributions in processing low and high spatial frequencies of fearful facial expressions in backward masking task

63%
Szczepanowski R., Sobków A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 3
167-172
EN
The present report examined the hypothesis that two distinct visual routes contribute in processing low and high spatial frequencies of fearful facial expressions. Having the participants presented with a backwardly masked task, we analyzed conscious processing of spatial frequency contents of emotional faces according to both objective and subjective taskrelevant criteria. It was shown that fear perception in the presence of the low-frequency faces can be supported by stronger automaticity leading to less false positives. In contrary, the detection of high-frequency fearful faces was more likely supported by conscious awareness leading to more true positives.
5
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Preferential access to emotion under attentional blink: evidence for threshold phenomenon

51%
Szczepanowski R., Traczyk J., Fan Z., Harvey L. O.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 1
127-132
EN
The present study provides evidence that the activation strength produced by emotional stimuli must pass a threshold level in order to be consciously perceived, contrary to the assumption of continuous quality of representation. An analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for attentional blink performance was used to distinguish between two (continuous vs. threshold) models of emotion perception by inspecting two different ROC’s shapes. Across all conditions, the results showed that performance in the attentional blink task was better described by the two-limbs ROC predicted by the Krantz threshold model than by the curvilinear ROC implied by the signal-detection theory.
6
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Neuronalne korelaty świadomego uczenia się bodźców słuchowych w paradygmacie różnicowania bodźca odstającego

51%
Szczepanowski R., Folwarczny M., Kozłowski R.
Studia z kognitywistyki i filozofii umysłu
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1
EN
This paper explores the problem of conscious learning under discrimination of auditory stimulation in the human brain. In accordance with the radical plastici- ty theory of consciousness it was expected that the 4-week cognitive training increases neuronal representations of auditory stimuli due to conscious access mechanisms. The event-related potential measures (ERP) of the brain activity using the oddball paradigm demonstrated that auditory discrimination training increased amplitudes of mismatch negativity waves (MMN). Our results suggest that conscious learning increases neuro- nal representation of auditory stimuli in the brain, although effective skill acquisition for auditory stimuli discrimination mainly requires the mechanism of potential access’ consciousness.
PL
W pracy badano wpływ świadomości na uczenie się różnicowania bodź- ców słuchowych w kontekście aktywności ludzkiego mózgu. Przyjmując założenia teorii radykalnej plastyczności oczekiwano, że rezultaty 4-tygodniowego treningu uczenia się różnicowania bodźców będą skorelowane ze zwiększoną aktywnością korową reprezenta- cji bodźców wskutek działania mechanizmów świadomości dostępu. Pomiary aktywności mózgu za pomocą techniki potencjałów wywołanych ERP w paradygmacie bodźców odsta- jących wykazały, że trening uczenia się prowadził do wzrostu amplitudy fali niezgodności MMN (ang. mismatch negativity). Wyniki sugerują, że świadome uczenie się prowadzi do zwiększenia aktywności neuronalnej reprezentacji bodźców w mózgu, jednakże trwałe polepszenie zdolności różnicowania wymaga głównie mechanizmów świadomości dostępu potencjalnego.
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