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Rynki pracy państw wysoko rozwiniętych na początku XXI wieku

100%
Budnikowski T.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2012
|
issue 4(345)
245-267
EN
The object of the study are the major tendencies observed on the job markets of highly developed countries. Apart from a few exceptions most of them have a high unemployment rate. The growing costs accompanying employment are an obstacle to raising the level of employment. In many countries those costs are already nearly equivalent to the wages. On the other hand, the progressing process of diffusion of new information transmission technologies has led to a noticeable shift from work contracts to various untypical forms of employment. A high level of efficiency achieved by the OECD countries makes it possible to ensure an appropriate standard of living with a decreasing level of employment. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century shortening of work time has become a rule. This is done by various methods, the most popular one being part-time employment. It must be remembered, however, that limitation of work time is not always seen as justified by the person to whom it pertains.
2
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Reorientacja polityki zagranicznej RFN? Fragmenty ekspertyzy

51%
Budnikowski T., Götz M., Malinowski K., Romiszewska I.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2013
|
issue 2(347)
3-26
EN
The material consists of excerpts from expert analyses prepared by scholars from the Institute for Western Affairs, commissioned by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (founding organ). The first part contains an assessment of the impact of reforms launched under Agenda 2010 on German economy in 2013 and its future development. Crucial characteristics of the German economic model are identified and compared with the French vision of the functioning of economy especially in the context of the European Union and specifically in the eurozone. The authors of the second expert analysis focus on changes in Germany’s foreign trade and direct investments identifiable after 2007 which lead to increased importance of economic cooperation with countries outside the European Union. However, it must be emphasized that the readiness to broaden global economic contacts does not cause a re-evaluation of the foundations of German foreign policy nor its greater independence that would result in new possibilities of exerting influence in international relations.
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