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Modus po verbech opinandi v (před)klasické francouzštině: kvantitativní analýza

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Lipská K.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2018
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vol. 100
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issue 2
191-205
EN
The paper deals with the development in the usage of verbal moods following verba opinandi in preclassical and classical French. An evident change in mood usage following these verbs had taken place in the 17th century, namely a decline of the subjunctive in favour of the indicative, which became the norm in affirmative sentences by the end of the century. The aim was to verify theoretical information from old and historical grammars on the evidence of authentic texts in FRANTEXT, a set of French diachronic corpora. This research enabled the derivation of statistics to identify a turning point in the development, which appears to be around the year 1640. It also revealed distinctions between different sentence types in respect of the indicative/subjunctive ratio. Whereas affirmative sentences tend towards the indicative as the only possible mode, the subjunctive is retained in negations, questions and conditionals, since these sentence types exhibit a more negative epistemic modality, typically expressed with the subjunctive.
2
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La construction absolue attributive française comme une catégorie radiale

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Lipská K.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 2
138-155
EN
The aim of the article is to propose an analysis of French attributive absolute constructions in the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, and to show the advantage of their description as a linguistic category with a particular prototype. Based on the analysis of 2,635 occurrences of these constructions in the French corpus Frantext, the study tries to identify the factors determining the prototypical attributive absolute construction and to sketch the aspects in which the less typical structures differ from it. The main factor seems to be the presence of the inalienable possession relation between the absolute construction and the head NP and the semantics of the head NP. Other factors are the type of the determiner in the absolute construction, its (potential) adverbial function, the modification of the predicate and the syntactic function of the head NP.
FR
L’article vise à proposer une analyse des constructions absolues attributives françaises dans le cadre de la linguistique cognitive et de démontrer l’avantage de leur description comme une catégorie linguistique particulière, centrée autour d’un prototype. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse de 2 635 occurrences de ces constructions dans le corpus du français Frantext, l’étude essaie d’identifier les facteurs déterminant les cas prototypiques des constructions absolues attributives et d’esquisser des aspects par lesquels les structures moins typiques s’en éloignent. Le facteur principal identifié est la présence de la relation de possession inaliénable entre la construction absolue et le GN incident et le sémantisme du GN incident ; d’autres encore étant la nature du déterminant dans la construction absolue, la fonction circonstancielle de la construction absolue, la modification du prédicat et la fonction syntaxique du GN incident.
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