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Antoni Łomnicki (1881–1941)

100%
Duda R.
Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie
|
2016
|
vol. 20
221-230
RU
Антони Ломницки был одним из выдающихся математиков, связанных сУниверситетом Яна Казимира во Львове и Львовским политехническим институтом. Педагогическую инаучную карьеру связал с Тарновом и Львовом. Его наследие включает работы, в част­ности, по теории вероятности, математической картографии и статистике. Увлекался альпинизмом в Татрах. В статье представлена также военная судьба Антония Ломницкого под советской оккупацией и обстоятельства его смерти после взятия немцами Львова в 1941 г. Перевел Ежи Россеник
EN
Antoni Łomnicki was one of the outstanding mathematicians associated with the Jan Kazimierz University in Lvov and the Lvov University of Technology. His teaching and academic career was linked to Tarnów and Lvov. His scholarly oeuvre encompassed papers dealing with e.g. theory of probability, mathematical cartography or statistics. He was also passionate about mountaineering. The article examines also Antoni Łomnicki’s wartime story under the Soviet occupation and the circumstances of his death after the city was seized by Germans in 1941. Translated by Anna Kijak
2
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The Integrality of Mathematics

100%
Duda R.
Filozofia Nauki
|
2000
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
7-19
PL
The origins of mathematics, a close connection and interpenetration of its parts, and uniform procedures of dealing with the mathematical matter - all of them speak in favour of the integrality of mathematics. It seems that a strong argument for such a view is a fundamental object of contemporary mathematics; namely a real line, which contains real numbers (so arithmetics as well) and constitutes a basis of geometry, mathematical analysis and all derivative branches. From the basic-structures perspective it is clear that the real line is an exceptionally complex structure, for it contains the ordered structure (generated by the less-than relation), the algebraic structure (generated by addition and multiplication), the gemetrical structure (generated by translations and reflections) and the topological structure (generated by open intervals). This example explains, at least to some extent, the integrality and also the vivacity of mathematics. On the other hand, the integrality has not been confirmed by comprising the whole mathematics in one axiomatised, deductive theory. Moreover, the increasing „volume” of mathematics, unwillingness of mathematicians to cross the specialisation-barriers, emphasis on utility (models) and difficulties with axiomatisations of some parts of mathematics cast some doubts on the integrality in question.
3
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Remarks on Mathematical Matter and the Role of Mathematical Notions

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Duda R.
Filozofia Nauki
|
2012
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vol. 20
|
issue 3
83-98
PL
Primary object of interest of mathematicians can be identified as a „mathematical matter”, the concept analogous to „physical matter” or „biological matter”. The „mathematical matter” is the soil upon which mathematics grows. One can distinguish three levels of it: some abstract but not necessarily clear conceptions, operational notions (like number) but not necessarily openly defined, theories not necessarily axiomatic. The „mathematical matter” originates in the abstract reflection upon events and forms in time and space. Its important elements are notions formed mostly in the process of idealization and/or abstraction. Once formed, notions usually evolve being, e.g., simplified or complexified. Mathematics is a mirror of the world, most abstract and therefore fundamental. Although it is a free activity of human mind, mathematics reflects some deep ideas (beauty, simplicity etc.) while most interesting notions come up in tension fields between pairs of poles: the notion of a function can be seen as a bridge connecting variability and immutability, while that of a limit – connecting finiteness and infinity. A fusion of freedom and internal restrictions leads to mathematics which is simple, beautiful and effective.
4
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Pierwsze wykłady uniwersyteckie teorii mnogości na ziemiach polskich

100%
Duda R.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
|
2014
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vol. 23
|
issue 1(44)
163-178
EN
Set theory, which had had its root in the works of Georg Cantor towards the end of the 19th century, reached university halls already at the beginning of the 20th century. First lectures at Polish universities were delivered by Stanisław Zaremba in Cracow (1911/1912) and Wacław Sierpiński in Lvov (1909/1910). Preserved notes from Zaremba’s lectures and Sierpiński’s course book enabled comparisons. set theory was for Zaremba a tool in accurate capturing of some properties of real numbers and for Sierpiński it was already an independent theory, focused on the notions of power and order.
5
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Matematycy polscy i polskiego pochodzenia w Europie Zachodniej i obu Amerykach : ludzie i losy

100%
Duda R.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
|
2012
|
vol. 21
|
issue 1-2(40-41)
227-251
EN
Dramatic history of Poland in the years 1772-1989 and internal hardships have caused an immense brain drain in two main directions, East and West. The article is concentrated upon the latter one and lists some 50 Polish mathematicians who went to the West before 1946. Tere are also mentioned several people who were born in Poland and lived in the West but didn't feel particularly attached to their native country. In the period of communist rule (1946-1989) the number of mathematician-emigrants from Poland (all to the West) has surpassed 300 and so here only some statistical data are provided and only a few names are explicitly mentioned.
6

Matematyka polska w międzywojennym dwudziestoleciu

100%
Duda R.
Nauka Polska. Jej Potrzeby, Organizacja i Rozwój
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2012
|
vol. 21
121-156
EN
Phenomenon of Polish school of mathematics in the interwar period (1919–1939) is a subject of wide admiration and this article is a survey describing its roots, two main branches (Warsaw, Lvov), mathematics in other centres, and the tragedy of its fall during World War II. Much attention is paid to Polish mathematical achievements in the period and there is provided a list of some more active then mathematicians, supplied with basic biographical data.
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