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EN
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the blood. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of CSF-receptor (G-CSFR) system in the brain and spinal cord, and their roles in neuroprotection and neural tissue repair, as well as improvement in functional recovery. G-CSF exerts neuroprotective actions through the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, and the stimulation of neurogenesis. This review highlights recent studies on the potential use of G-CSF in cerebral palsy.
EN
A 14-year-old male presented with congenital kyphoscoliosis along with progressive paraparesis. Radiographs confirmed kyphoscoliosis and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a stretched and flattened spinal cord over the kyphotic deformity and a T6 hemivertebra. Before the surgical treatment the patient had clinical signs and symptoms of paraparesis. A gradual deterioration in the neurologic status was observed and patient became paraplegic after the surgery. Currently, the patient moves in a wheelchair, has a pyramidal syndrome of the lower limbs and neurogenic bladder.
EN
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent neurological disorder associated with perinatal injury of the developing brain. The beneficial impact of stem cells (neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells) is mediated through soluble trophic factors and other cytokines that enable the body to re-establish homeostasis after pathologic and traumatic insults, inflammation, and tissue infarction or degeneration. There is currently no effective therapy for CP. Recently there have been notable advances in the application of cell therapy in neurological disorders. This review provides recent data on the prevention and cell therapy in CP.
EN
The present review summarizes data on neurological adverse events following vaccination in the relation to intensity, time of onset, taking into account the immunological and non-immunological mechanisms. The authors described the physio-logical development of the immune system and the possible immune system responses following vaccination. Toxic property of thimerosal - a mercury-containing preservative used in some vaccines was presented. The neurological compli-cations after vaccination were described. The role of vaccination in the natural course of infectious diseases and the current immunizations schedule in Poland was discussed.
EN
The authors report an unusual case of a 15-year-old boy who dove into a shallow lake and suffered a cervical fracture of C5 affecting the spinal cord. This resulted in tetraplegia. Vitamin D3 deficiency and a history of several bone fractures supported an idea that the patient's bone structure had been weakened. The deep vein thrombosis of lower limb and neurogenic heterotopic ossification of a hip limited the effectiveness of physical therapy.
EN
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of parents of children with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods: The study included 40 parents of children with cerebral palsy treated at the Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation of the Medical University of Bialystok. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used as a research tool; it enables obtaining a quality of life profile in four domains: physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. The severity of a child's movement disorders was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Results: In the studied group of parents of children with cerebral palsy, more than half described their quality of life as good and was pleased with their health. The largest differences occurred in parents of children with cerebral palsy in the environment domain, p=0.0068, and the psychological domain, p=0.010. Quality of life in all four domains was assessed as lower in parents of children with cerebral palsy compared with parents of healthy children. Only in the evaluation of health care facilities parents of children with cerebral palsy assessed them better than parents of healthy children. Conclusion: Parents of children with cerebral palsy describe their quality of life as good and are satisfied with their health.
EN
Introduction: Exercise at various durations and intensities impact on blood and stem cells. This pilot study examined the effects of 30 minutes of treadmill walking on hematological indices and progenitor stem cells CD34+ in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 17 non-smoking, healthy students, aged 20 to 22 years participated. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, and stem cell CD34+ numbers were assessed before and after moderate exercise. Statistical analyses examined the relationships between CD34+ cells versus hematological indices, age, and body mass index. Results: Following exercise, significant increases were observed in leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CD34+ cells numbers. For CD34+ cells, a fourfold increase was seen. Significant correlations between CD34+ cells, white blood cells, and neutrophils were found. Conclusion: Our results suggest that moderate exercise has a physiological impact on hematologic parameters and stem cells CD34+ in healthy subjects. Furthermore, our findings suggest that brief treadmill exercise may enhance tissue repair mechanisms so important in physiotherapy.
EN
neuroinflammation and apoptosis in brains affected by cerebral palsy could be therapeutic targets. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptosis effects and stimulates the proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells in the brain. Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of G-CSF treatment in children and adolescents with CP. Materials and methods: Six patients with spastic tetraplegia CP aged 3-15 years were enrolled in this study. Five patients had GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) level at V, three children had epilepsy, and three had severe mental retardation. We used the gross motor function measure-66 (GMFM-66) to assess motor function.GCSF (5μg/kg/body/day) was administered subcutaneously for five consecutive days during the four months. The parents also evaluated the physical and mental development of their children. Results: We observed improvement in motor function in patients with CP on the GMFM-66 scale. Parents reported improvement in behavior, speech development, and a decrease in spasticity in children with CP. G-CSF therapy was well-tolerated. No side effects were observed during the study. Conclusions: Our preliminary report suggests that G-CSF treatment improves motor and mental function in patients with CP. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations
EN
he authors present the case of a 17-year-old boy who suffered a cervical spinal injury as a result of the sharp bending of the head after slipping (without falling). After about 30 minutes, he began to feel tingling in the limbs and he developed tetraparesis. He went through physical rehabili-tation, psychological rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and periodic catheterization. Additionally, we introduced to him a low dose of analog granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF 5 μg/kg was given subcutaneously daily for 5 days per month for 3 months, again after 6 months, and again after 10 months. The boy could sit indecently and walk with assistance. A significant increase in muscle strength in this patient with tetraplegia after 10 months of treatment may indicate beneficial effects of G-CSF in this disorder.
EN
Purpose: We assessed the quality of life of children with motor disabilities in comparison with healthy children, as evaluated by their parents, using the CHQ-PF28 questionnaire (Child Health Questionnaire—Parent Form). Materials and methods: In a prospective study, we evaluated the quality of life of 105 children with motor disabilities. Results: Our research showed lower quality of life in the group of children with motor disabilities compared with controls, both in terms of physical and psychosocial health. Significant correlations between independent walking and physical functioning, general behavior, and mental health of children suffering from motor disabilities were found. According to the average indices of quality of life of children suffering from motor disabilities, depending on sex, the greatest differences occurred in behavior and change of health status, while the smallest differences in self-esteem and parental involvement, compared with controls. In the case of healthy children, the largest differences appeared in the perception of pain, behavior, and self-esteem; whereas, the smallest variations occurred in the change of health status and physical activity. Conclusion: Children suffering from motor disabilities demonstrate lower quality of life compared with healthy children.
EN
Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of increased bone fragility and low bone mass. OI type IV. Materials and methods: We examined the safety and effectiveness of a low dose of analog granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a 15-year-old girl OI type IV. G-CSF 5 μg/kg was given subcutaneously, for 5 days/month for 3, 6 and 12 months. Laboratory tests, including blood, biochemical tests were performed, in addition to clinical examination.Results: Clinical examination revealed an increase of muscle strength in the upper and lower limbs between base line and day 6 and 12 months. We found no serious adverse events. Leukocyte levels remained below 38,000/μL. Low dose G-CSF was safe and well tolerated by the patient. Conclusions: A significant increase in muscle strength in this patient may indicate beneficial effects of G-CSF factor in this disorder. These results are inspiring and warrant further studies.
EN
We examined the safety and effectiveness of a low dose of analog granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in a 15-year-old boy with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. The onset of disease was noted at 12 years of age. The physical examination noted general muscle atrophy more pronounced at left side of the body. He was able to walk 300 meters within 6 minute walk test. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 5 μg/kg was given subcutaneously daily for 5 days/month for 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical examination, laboratory tests including blood, biochemical tests, and CD34+ cells were performed. A significant increase of muscle strength in the lower and upper limbs between baseline, and after 3 months of treatment, after 6, and after 12 months was found. He was able to walk 480 meters within 6 minutes after 12 months. Electromyography demonstrated increase of amplitude in the examined in upper and lower limbs after six months compared to baseline. Leukocyte levels remained below 25000/μL. CD34+ increased significantly at day 5 of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor admini-stration. It was safe and well tolerated by the patient. A significant increase in muscle strength in this patient with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy after 3 months of treatment, after 6, and after 12 months since the first treatment course was completed may indicate beneficial effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in this disorder.
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