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Sociálně motivované variování výslovnosti cizích slov

100%
Havlík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2016
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vol. 98
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issue 2
157-173
EN
This paper presents the findings of a study on loanword pronunciation in Czech, focusing in particular on the impact of four primary independent variables (age, sex, education, and region of origin, i.e. Prague / Brno) on loanword pronunciation. The results were obtained from an empirical study undertaken in 2014, in which 300 native speakers of Czech were recorded reading 300 loanwords in short sentences. The social categories of the sample correlate proportionally with those of the inhabitants of both cities, according to the latest census. Age and education were identified as the variables associated with the highest degree of variation in the pronunciation of the loanwords studied. Knowledge of English, now a compulsory school subject in the Czech Republic, has a clear impact on pronunciation; however, the influence of the other factors on variation across social categories was also detected.
2
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Módní a nezbytné anglicismy ve vztahu k sociálním oblastem a k jejich výslovnosti a pravopisu

100%
Havlík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2019
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vol. 101
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issue 2
135-149
EN
This paper focuses on the distinction between luxury and necessary borrowings from English (i.e. Anglicisms) and the relationship between these borrowings, the domains in which they are used and their pronunciation and orthography. I put forward a hypothesis that the ratio of luxury and necessary borrowings differs within different domains and that this has an impact on the pronunciation and orthography of the borrowings; I tested this hypothesis by analysing 500 Anglicisms. The results confirm that (1) there is a difference in the distribution of luxury or necessary Anglicisms within different domains and (2) necessary Anglicisms are more often pronounced according to their original orthography than luxury Anglicisms. However, I also detected a strong association between the period in which Anglicisms were borrowed and the manner in which they were adopted; therefore, it was not possible to identify a direct link between the type of borrowing and pronunciation, and further research is required to confirm the above hypothesis
3
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Prozodické aspekty reprodukované řeči v konverzačních příbězích

63%
Zaepernicková E., Havlík M.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
36-62
EN
This article presents the findings of a study on the prosodic aspects of reported speech in informal conversations. The majority of the material was recorded by speakers themselves in the hope that this would eliminate the Observer’s Paradox. First, instances of reported speech were chosen and then prosodic differences between these instances and ambient speech were identified. The voice qualities used by the speakers to index different affective states and personal qualities of others were further examined, and an auditive as well as an instrumental analysis of the speech signal was performed. The findings suggest that the use of specific prosodic devices is not an individual matter but rather a conventionalized one. Changes in F0 level and level of intensity are the most frequent prosodic aspects. Strong rhythmicity of reported speech occurrences is also quite frequent. Prosodic features function mainly on the principle of contrast (i.e. in direct relation to non-reported speech) and are used in a complex manner. The same bundles of voice qualities are used by different speakers to construct almost stereotypical images of concrete personas.
4
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Opakování jako součást utváření pracovního (doprovodného) rozhovoru

63%
Hoffmannová J., Havlík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2021
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vol. 103
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issue 2
210-227
EN
This article is a primarily a stylistic analysis of a conversation taking place between colleagues working together. Emphasis is placed also on sociolinguistic factors (e.g., the asymmetry of the conversation and the distribution of the social roles of the two interlocutors) that result in the use of specific linguistic features (especially first-, second- and third-person singular and plural pronouns and verb forms such as the indicative, imperative and conditional moods and also the use of the infinitive) and a specific degree of “politeness” expressed in the conversation by one of the interlocutors. Methods of interactive linguistics are used to analyse repetition as an important conversational discourse strategy, and various types of repetition (e.g., intentional/unintentional, identical/modified, intensifying, confirmatory, corrective: “self-corrections” and corrections of the interlocutor) are distinguished with regard to prosody and sequential context. A detailed analysis of a short section of the conversation highlights the role played by gestures and facial expressions (also with regard to repetitions) in maintaining mutual intelligibility between the interlocutors and in coordinating their shared work.
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