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Czynniki warunkujące podejmowanie pracy nauczycielskiej przez kobiety w Polsce Ludowej na tle procesów aktywizacji zawodowej kobiet

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Kopka J., Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1981
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vol. 2
EN
The article briefly discusses two processes very essential at present and namely: process of women's professional activization and process of teaching profession's feminization making analogy to the interwar period. Detailed analyses concern factors conditioning contents, structures and implementation of these processes. First of all, there are analyzed factors affecting women's professional activization, that is taking of jobs by them outside their home. Next the author analyzes factors determining professional preferences of women and taking of jobs in the teaching profession by them. The causes of these processes were sought in political, ideological, economic, social, cultural, and even biopsychic spheres. Proceeding from the assumption that not all of these factors appear in a given period of time and not all of them exert a similar impact, the author tried to define the role of some of them in the thrity—year period of the People's Poland.
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Postawy światopoglądowe i polityczne studentów

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Kawka Z., Lewandowski E., Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1985
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vol. 12
EN
The present analysis is a report of an empirical study. Out of three most Important values, 67# of students chose "successful family life" in the first place. Second in the hierarchy of values was "health" - chosen by ca. half of the interviewed. Subsequent positions were taken up by "interesting job" and "loyal friends" (every third person); "clear conscience" and "great reciprocated love" (every fourth person); "life full of adventure and travel" (every fifth person). The thesis that it is a "materialist generation" finds no proof since only 17% chose material welfare, while many appreciated moral values. As many as 28% chose clear conscience (every third man, and every fifth woman). The interviewed students were not keen on power, fame or calm, quiet life. A large per cent of respondents (65%) are practicing believers in God. Nevertheless, their religiousness is emotional and traditional rather than reflective and moral. There exists no significant relation between religiousness and morality. There is evidence of serious crisis of faith in socialism and its capacities. Nevertheless, it is not a totally frustrated generation. In spite of the crisis ca. 60% of the respondents estimate their material situation as good or very good and an equal number regard themselves as happy, though the sense of happiness or unhappiness depends solely on health.
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Pojęcie i warunki urzeczywistnienia ideału wychowawczego socjalizmu

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Lewandowski E., Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1981
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vol. 2
EN
The basic assumption of the article is a thesis that the effectiveness of the socialist upbringing in the final account depends upon the way in which all institutions are operating daily. Pi*operly functioning economic, political, and other systems shape appropriate attitudes by themselves. On the other hand, the affects of evident evil on human awareness will not be compensated even by the best system of education. By the concept of the educational ideal of socialism the author means here historical changes in tho system of attitudes ensuring in given conditions a rapid social progress and comprehensive development of individuals. The ideal thus perceived is first revealed In actions of individuals and groups most engaged in construction of the sociopolitical system, and only then it is disseminated under influence of socializing and educational efforts. The educational ideal of socialism should be a personality fighting for justice, equality and freedom. The attitude of fight with the evil promotes social progress and is in line with the Marxist concept of happiness. In order to achieve the educational ideal of socialism it becomes necessary to fulfil the following four essential conditions: firstly - proper formulation of the ideal and its proper dissemination; secondly - creation of a system of stimuli, in accordance with which a conduct conforming to the ideal allows to obtain desirable values; thirdly - elimination of divergencies between ideals and practice in activities of institutions; fourthly - construction of a complementary educational system.
4
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Próba klasyfikacji uczestnictwa w zinstytucjonalizowanej aktywności społecznej

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Warzywoda-Kruszyńska W., Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1981
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vol. 2
EN
The article discusses an attempt at determinations of correlations existing between the social activity and the social structure. The social activity may represent a category of description of particular segnents of the social structure, and it can also be treated as one of mechanisms of changes in the social structure. Previous propositions of classification of participation in the social activity seem to be insufficient with the present stąte of researches on the social structure, which takes into consideration not only division into classes and social strata but also differentiation within big social groups. Therefore, it becomes necessary to perform a more precise taxonomy of participation in the social activity. The author proposes that the following classification criteria should be employed: 1. Membership in social and political organizations. 2. Co-operation with social organizations not based on membership principles. 3. Role of participation in activities of an organization ("ordinary member", tasks performer, co-organizer of activities). 4. Number of organizations with which one co-operates.
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Charakterystyka zjawiska odpadu i odsiewu na kierunku ekonomiki przemysłu Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego w latach 1969/1970-1975/1976

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Rokicka E., Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1981
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vol. 2
EN
The article presents results of analyses on the peroentage level of drop-outs among students in the faoulty of Production Economics at the University of Łódź. It contains a socio-demographic characteristics of the eoclal category created as a result of these phenomena. The aggre^tion in question is represented by students, who left the faculty of Production Economics in the course of all years of academic studies (i. e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th ) over the six consecutive academic years from <1969/1970 to 1975/1976. Studies performed by the author show that the average percentage figure of students obtaining the certificate of completed Btudies in the faculty in question reaches about 70 per cent, and thus losses due to iropping(-out amount to 30 per cent for particular years_. From among 70 per cent of students obtaining the certificate of completed studies on the average about 6 per cent do not seat for the master's exam. This produces a decrease of the index of aggregate effectiveness of studies for the faculty of Production Economics to the level of 64 per cent. Further conclusions from the analysis look as follows: 1. Process of dropping-out in the faculty of Production Economics is not enenly spread both with reference to particular years of studyind (it is highest in the case of the first year students)and particular academic years. 2, As a result of more frequent cases of dropping-out among men grows feminization, of studies, 3. Social origins exert a strong influence on the process of leaving the University before graduation with the wei$)t of this factor depending on sex as an intermediate variable. 4. High level of dropping-out 'among men of working-class origin is conditioned, to a large extent, by the type of completed secondary school. Analyses presented in the article are based on materials and documenta provided by the Dean's Office of the Department of Economics and Sociology, University of Lódź . Their processing constitutes the first stage of studies on the process of dropping-out of students. The second stage of studies will encompass interviews with young people filing to complete their academic courses, and concerning their further life and professional careers. The objective of the second stage will be, among others, to determine the strength of needs and desires of the young people under survey as connected with obtaining of the academic education.
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Teoretyczna i badawcza problematyka funkcjonowania ogniw syetemu wychowania w gminie

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Grotowska J., Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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1981
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vol. 2
EN
The article contains an analysis of functioning of the educational system in local aggregations. It presents thtf projected and actually functioning educational system. The author's attention is focussed on rural educational environment. The article sets forward to discuss certain theoretical and methodological problems connected with the systems analysis of the educational environment as well as place thi3 problem area in a wider education theory. While defining the educational system the author applied an institutional approach, in which the institution of education represents a fundamental element of the system. This is connected with the concept of the aim of the system's functioning and integration of its elements. A basic part of the article is devoted to analysis of the educational system's functioning in the environment, Quoting three concepts of the environment's educational functioning, the^author concentrates her attention on real functioning of the educational system. ïhe analysis of this system encompasses itsj following aspects:~ 1. Characteristics of the environment in economic, socio-demographic, geographical, cultural, and natural spheres. 2. Problem of recording of the environment's component elements. 3. Integration of the system's elements. There are quoted here different approaches and types of integration. 4. Problem of co-operation of the elements. The article points out factors affecting co-operation of different institutions within the environment. 5. Co-ordination of the aytem's elements. There are presented here types and levels of co-ordination as well as discussion of the unit co-ordinating activities of particular elements of the system. The final part of the article contains comments concerning analysis of the real functioning of the educational system in a rural commune - a rural educational environment. The author ‘describes specific features of the rural educational environment in comparison with other environments. The article contains also a report on researches on the functioning of the educational system in local aggregation and gives justification for conducting researches in the country.
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