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EN
In this text, the author tries to make the interpretation of the term „elite” and organize and describe the most common definition of the phenomenon and the concept of the elite. Analysis have been selected views presented in the literature that illustrate the classic and contemporary dimension to the concept of elites and allow the answer to the question formulated in the subject line.
EN
Referring to this year’s local government elections in Poland traditionally on the occasion of this type of events which concern the manifestation of local democracy in the public debate, there are many questions about the essence and role of local self-government in a modern democratic state. Therefore it is necessary to consider what is the essence and role of local self-government in a democratic state in which Catholicism dominates, a state based on the principles of a democratic state of law and the doctrine of the Catholic Church which seems to be Poland at the time. Bearing these matters in mind, in this article the subject of my considerations in the first part is to present the essence and role of local self-government in a democratic state, while in the second part to present the essence and role of local self-Government in the social teaching of the Catholic Church, whose teaching is related to the development of modern societies
PL
Nawiązując do wyborów samorządowych w Polsce, które odbyły się 21 października (I tura) i 4 listopada (II tura) 2018 r., tradycyjnie przy okazji tego typu wydarzeń, które dotyczą przejawów demokracji lokalnej, w debacie publicznej pojawia się wiele pytań na temat istoty i roli samorządu terytorialnego we współczesnym państwie demokratycznym, np. pytań o to, czy nowożytny samorząd terytorialny jest silny i czy odpowiada na zmiany zachodzące w otaczającej go rzeczywistości.
EN
In the modern world there is a growing reflection on the essence of the relationship between the state and society, which is regulated in according to the principle of subsidiarity. This principle is based on the positive assumption that society – its citizens and social communities – should develop their activities and that the state should help them and intervene when necessary. In this way, the principle of subsidiarity is formulated both in secular law and in the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. In the latter case, this is one of the key issues presented in the papal encyclicals.
EN
The author of the article, in its first section, describes overall theoretical assumptions concerning political culture, its basic concepts and definitions. The object of the analysis is primarily the picture of political capture of the Polish society. In the second part of the article, the concept of civic education is presented. The author points to various important aspects concerning constructing a civic society through a system of civic education.
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