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1

Listy premiera Władysława Sikorskiego do prymasa Edmunda Dalbora, prof. Władysława Natansona i Jana Kantego Steczkowskiego (1922–1923)

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Zaporowski Z.

Res Historica

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2014

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issue 37

2

Kryptonim „Naukowiec”. Przyczynek do biografii profesora Zygmunta Mańkowskiego/ Under the Codename “Scholar” (Naukowiec). A Contribution to the Biography of the Professor Zygmunt Mańkowski

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Zaporowski Z.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia

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2012

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vol. 67

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issue 2

77-89

EN

Zygmunt Mańkowski (1926-2012), Full Professor, was an eminent historian who spent almost his entire professional career at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. He specialized in the Second World War with particular emphasis on the German occupation of the Lublin area. The issue of the resistance movement, in particular his studies on the Home Army, made him the object of interests of the Security Service (Służba Bezpieczeństwa). The authorities took a negative approach to his scientific area of research, as the priority was given to the research on communist resistance movement. Mańkowski was kept under surveillance for eight years (1968-1976). The surveillance process can be divided into several stages. The most important and, at the same time most dangerous one, was the period of the first three years. At that time he had his house bugged, the workplace search was conducted and his correspondence was monitored. All these actions were secret and considered unlawful even in the light of the communist rules. Subsequently, the hostile actions against Mańkowski decreased, but he was still surrounded by secret communist collaborators. During the whole period of his surveillance there were 24 of them. However, his anti-regime activities have never been proven. He remained at the university where he worked for the benefit of science.

3

Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski wobec państwa polskiego (grudzień 1918 – czerwiec 1919)

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Zaporowski Z.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2020

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vol. 10

154-164

EN

The Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski) was formed on December 16, 1918 and operated legally during the first half a year of its activity. The resurgent Polish state guaranteed its citizens an extensive range of democratic freedoms, which were also enjoyed by the communists. The main area of their activity was the Councils of Workers Delegates (CWD, Rady Delegatów Robotniczych), which they wanted to transform into alternatives for administrative and governmental institutions. The communists wished to establish a soviet republic. For this reason, they carried out activities in the CWD and at rallies. They also organized strikes and became involved in anti-government activities. State authorities reacted vigorously by declaring a state of emergency in the area of the former Kingdom of Poland on April 1, 1919 and by making numerous arrests of communist activists for anti-state activities. However, the split of the CWD in June/July 1919 was a decisive factor that made the communists go into hiding. Nevertheless, an outright act of outlawing them was never passed. The Communist Workers’ Party of Poland and communists in general continued, although no longer on such a scale, to use existing democratic institutions for their own purposes.

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1 Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia

1 Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

1 Res Historica

3 Zaporowski Z.

1 2020

1 2014

1 2012

Listy premiera Władysława Sikorskiego do prymasa Edmunda Dalbora, prof. Władysława Natansona i Jana Kantego Steczkowskiego (1922–1923)

Kryptonim „Naukowiec”. Przyczynek do biografii profesora Zygmunta Mańkowskiego/ Under the Codename “Scholar” (Naukowiec). A Contribution to the Biography of the Professor Zygmunt Mańkowski

Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski wobec państwa polskiego (grudzień 1918 – czerwiec 1919)