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1

INFLUENCE OF THE PREVIOUS STRATEGY ON INDIVIDUALS’ STRATEGY CHOICES

100%
Schillemans V., Luwel K., Onghena P., Verschaffel L.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
|
issue 4
339 – 350
EN
The present study provides additional evidence for the recently described perseveration effect (i.e., participants repeat the previous strategy more often than switch to another strategy). The participants’ task was to determine the number of coloured cells in grids by using two possible strategies: an addition strategy (whereby participants add the coloured cells) or a subtraction strategy (whereby they subtract the number of empty cells from the total grid size). The authors used a paradigm in which the different numerosities were presented in three different orders: an ascending order, which started with low-numerosity items (which are known to be solved with the addition strategy) and gradually increased to high-numerosity items (which are known to be solved with the subtraction strategy), a descending order (with the reverse order) and a random order. The hypothesis that participants’ change point (i.e., the numerosity on which they switch from one strategy to the other) would be largest in the ascending order and smallest in the descending order, is confirmed.
2

HEURISTIC REASONING IN INTERPRETING BOX PLOTS: THE INFLUENCE OF ORIENTATION

88%
Lem S., Vandebeek C., Onghena P., Verschaffel L., Van Dooren W.
Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 56
|
issue 2
127 – 136
EN
We studied how graph design principles can predict specific reasoning mechanisms that occur when misinterpreting box plots, and, more specifically, the misinterpretation of the area as a representation of frequency or proportion of observations, instead of density. In previous studies this misinterpretation has been shown to be heuristic in nature and is elicited by the fact that box plots do not use space in a natural way. Graph design principles provide a theoretical framework for assuming that the orientation of a box plot could influence its interpretation. By analysing reaction times and accuracy rates for different item types, we explored whether there indeed is an influence of the orientation of a box plot on the way it is interpreted. Results indicate that the misinterpretation manifests itself in both orientations to the same extent, suggesting that the orientation of a box plot does not influence the reasoning mechanisms it provokes.
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