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1

Bezradność. Na marginesach wierszy Szymborskiej

100%
Przymuszała B.
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
|
2013
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vol. 4
289-302
EN
The article focuses on the problem of representing helplessness in Szymborska’s poetry, showing various ways of describing this state, as well as its importance for the whole output of the poet. In love poems it is very often presented with the theatrical metaphore “acting oneself”: when nothing can be done at the moment of parting, the poems’ speaker quite often “enters the role” of the former “I”, simultaneously having a feeling of lack of control over what is happening with him/her. Thereby he/she underscores the automaticity (and “artificiality”) of his/her own behaviour. Helplessness is also expressed through enumeration: several specifications, which are expected to cover the feeling of inability to cope with the situation (as in the case of the poem Odzież [Clothes], dedicated to a visit to a doctor, which we are afraid of). The feeling of helplessness, a state difficult to describe, in Szymborska’s texts becomes an important sign of a human codition: imperfect, not always able to cope with challenges. The description of this state reveals simultaneously emotional nature of the poems written by the author of Ludzie na moście [People on the bridge].
2
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Skaza żydowskości – problem tożsamości etnicznej w tekstach poetyckich z czasów zagłady

100%
Przymuszała B.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2011
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issue 9
151-160
EN
Article Defect of Jewishness – problem of ethnic identity in poetical texts of Holocaust Era evokes the often described problem of hiding of Jewish identity in order to demonstrate various ways of expressing “being Jewish”. The variety of these testimonies survived mostly in writing of the era, being unique re-cords of one’s identity confession. Author is analyzing poems written during stay in ghetto, indicating multitude of ex-pressed attitudes. She is also stressing out that their therapeutical aspect is based on the one hand on usage of ritual structure, and on the other hand on exploitation of possibilities of-fered by ironic attitude.
3
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"Notatnik filologa" Klemperera – uwagi na marginesach w kontekście współczesnych badań nad zagładą

100%
Przymuszała B.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2012
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issue 10
153-163
EN
The article analyzes the Klemperer’s metaphors that allow considering language as a kind of medium that distorts, but at the same time allows exploration of the world. Philologist’s texts prompt to analyze them in the context of social psychology. In relation to the holocaust research they offer additional tools for psychological analysis of language used by victims, witnesses and culprits.
4
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Wobec cielesnej ekspansji – poetyckie reakcje

100%
Przymuszała B.
Polonistyka. Innowacje
|
2015
|
issue 1
16-26
EN
The article is devoted to se­lected descriptions of the body in contemporary poetry, indicating the emergence of a reflection on the possibility of the actual experience of someone else's flesh in connection with the characteristic of the latest expansion of the culture of different images of human physicality. Tadeusz Różewicz's and Marcin Baran's poetic reflection (poets who are divided by one generation) reveals their common sense of difficulty concerning fulfillment arise from the close proximity of others. The discussed poem, in the article, by Czesław Miłosz con­cerns the vision of bodily rapprochement that transforms not only lovers but also the world around them. Important for the above examples is the conviction of the need to search for a language that would allow to write about these experiences (and, therefore, they often use this characteristic approach of poetic inexpressibility).
5
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Nieistniejący mur? Problemy z opisem Muranowa

100%
Przymuszała B.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2015
|
issue 24
97-108
EN
The article presents the problem of recovering the memory of the Warsaw district of Muranów, the site of the WW2 ghetto in recent literature. Referring to one of the first works devoted to this subject (Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz’s Umschlagplatz), the author reveals subsequent changes in the treatment Jacek Leociak, Beata Chomątowska and Elżbieta Janicka’s of the issue in their books. Indicating the oscillation between remembrance and forgetting about the ghetto, the authors adopt different perspectives to touch upon the ambiguous presence of the area's former inhabitants in the consciousness of today’s Varsovians. Their ways of focusing attention on this question may be termed a commemorative perspective, focused on the psychology of space and critical discourse. Though signaling the problem differently, the authors are united in emphasising the problems related to the Polish memory of the Warsaw ghetto.
6
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Konwencjonalne i emocjonalne w poezji Małgorzaty Hillar

100%
Przymuszała B.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
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2018
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issue 32
129-141
EN
Text, showing the most important ways in the 20th century to think about poetry, refers to modernist epiphany (Ryszard Nycz). On the example of Małgorzata Hillar’s poetry, the author shows the inadequacy of this concept. It focused on the linguistic aspect of transmitting emotions, bypassing their bodily sensations. The recent studies on the relationship between emotions and language also allow to present a relationship with language and poetry. Recent studies on the relationship between emotions and language also allow us to otherwise present the relationship between language and poetry.
7
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W obronie nadinterpretacji (niekoniecznie prawniczej...) - polemika z Fishem

100%
Przymuszała B.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2005
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issue 5
135-146
EN
The formula of "defence of overinterpretation" referred to in the title of this article must be received in the context of S. Fish's conception of paninterpretationism, according to which there is no possibility of verification of readings of a text. Fish assumes that we only compare interpretations and we do not have any access to "the text itself". Arguing with this interpretation, I refer to a legal conception (after all the one used by Fish) of interpretation of laws (confining the analysis to Polish doctrine). In spite of this researcher's claim (everybody "uses" laws for their own goals) the theory of interpretation indicates the necessity of separating the linguistic exegesis (explanation, interpretation) of a law which becomes a point of reference for the system, functional and axiological interpretation. The possibility of departures from the linguistic interpretation requires the existence of specific conditions threatening the system of values and at the same time is a proof of the importance of this type of interpretation. Thus, differentiation of interpretation takes into account the linguistic dimension of a text, allowing to speak about interpretations which "are not in accordance with the law". Transferring these views from the study of the press onto the studies of literature one can see the closeness of this approach to U. Eco's interpretations (the "intentio operis" conception) or - on Polish grounds - K. Bartoszyhski's and H. Markiewicz's views. "The defence of overinterpretation" appears to be a defence of the possibility of differentiating of interpretation and performing its verification.
8
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Pomoc wykluczonych, czyli o daremności – Zagłada w Śladach Ludwika Heringa

100%
Przymuszała B.
Polonistyka. Innowacje
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2021
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issue 13
43-54
EN
The article shows the manner of presenting the Holocaust in Ludwik Hering's stories. It focuses on the construction of the narrator and the protagonist, analyzing their attitude to the situation of Jews.In the context of the anti-Semitism mentioned in the texts, the protagonists not only distance themselves from it, but they try to help the Jews. However, they are also aware of the limited nature of this help for Jews and reveal its realities. A helping Pole, who is socially excluded himself, is aware of the power of social rules which destroy the help itself.
PL
Artykuł pokazuje sposób przedstawiania Zagłady w opowiadaniach Ludwika Heringa. Skupia się na konstrukcji narratora i bohatera, analizując ich stosunek do sytuacji Żydów. W kontekście przywoływanego w tekstach antysemityzmu protagoniści nie tylko się wobec niego dystansują, ale starają się pomóc Żydom. Zdają sobie jednak przy tym sprawę z ograniczonego charakteru tej pomocy, odsłaniają jej realia. Pomagający Polak, sam społecznie wykluczony, ma świadomość siły społecznych reguł, które samą pomoc niszczą.
9
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Opowieść a‑ alternatywna. O Patrz pod: Miłość Dawida Grossmana

100%
Przymuszała B.
Narracje o Zagładzie
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2018
|
issue 4
259-268
EN
The article presents an interpretation of David Grossman’s novel See Under: Love in the context of alternative history. Revealing the problems related to depicting the Holocaust, the story becomes a critique of our culture. It shows how four distinct parts are related, creating a vision of the dark sphere of our “I” hidden from the world: an alternative version of a story about ourselves is a sui generis reckoning with the concept of humanity dominant in our European community.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia interpretację powieści Davida Grosmana Patrz pod: Miłość w  kontekście historii alternatywnej. Historia ujawniająca problemy związane z opowiadaniem o Zagładzie staje się krytyką naszej kultury. Pokazuje, w jaki sposób cztery odrębne części łączą się ze sobą, tworząc wizję ukrywanej przed światem ciemnej sfery naszego „ja”: alternatywna wersja opowieści o nas samych jest rodzajem rozrachunku z utrwaloną w naszej europejskiej społeczności koncepcją człowieczeństwa.
10
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Strategia przetrwania. Brygada śmierci Leona Weliczkera

100%
Przymuszała B.
|
2018
|
vol. 47
|
issue 1
59-72
EN
This article discusses the testimony of Leon Weliczker (The Brigade of Death), who was at the Sonderkommando in the Janowska camp. Describing the daily focus on the removal of corpses Weliczker simultaneously reveals his ways of survival. Discourse on trauma focuses on its subsequent impact, in the case of the analyzed text we are dealing with an attempt to record the traumatic state. Using the psychological context, the author shows how Weliczker tried to minimize the impact of trauma using various mechanisms of controlling and displacing emotions.
11
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Survival strategy. The Death Brigade by Leon Weliczker

100%
Przymuszała B.
|
2017
|
vol. 46
|
issue 8
205-217
EN
The article discusses the account by Leon Weliczker (The Death Brigade) who belonged to the Sonderkommando in the Janowska camp. When describing everyday life centring on the removal of corpses, Weliczker also revealed his own methods for survival. Trauma discourse focusses on trauma’s later influence, in the case of the analysed text that applies to an attempt at recording a continuing traumatic state. In applying the psychological context, the author indicates how Weliczker tried to minimise the influence of trauma by utilising various mechanisms for controlling and suppressing emotions.
12
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Zachowane w pamięci, odkrywane na nowo

63%
Kwiatkowska-Ratajczak M., Przymuszała B.
Polonistyka. Innowacje
|
2018
|
issue 8
1-6
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