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1

IWIEŃSKO-TRZCINIECKI KOMPONENT STYLISTYCZNY WE WCZESNOBRĄZOWEJ CERAMICE POJEZIERZA MAZURSKIEGO

100%
Manasterski D.
Światowit
|
2012
|
vol. Tom VII (XLVIII), fasc. B
89-94
EN
Yet in the last decade of the previous century the Masurian Lake District appeared as an area almost completely void of pottery in the Iwno-Trzciniec style (DĄBROWSKI 1997: 14-19; CZEBRESZUK 2004; MANASTERSKI 2009: 16 sq.). Research of the last 20 years has brought discoveries of several settlement sites in this area, which were dated to the end ofthe Neolithic and the beginning of the Bronze Age. These sites yielded very rich sources, among which pottery is the most numerous (MANASTERSKI 2009: 32 sq.). The most significant sites are Ząbie, Site X, the Olsztynek Commune, and Szestno, Site 2, the Mrągowo Commune (MANASTERSKI 2009: 21-30). Among syncretic materials with features of Para- -Neolithic (the Neman Culture, the Linin Group), Late Neolithic (the Globular Amphora Culture, the Corded Ware Culture) and Early Bronze Age cultures (the Proto- and the Mierzanowice Cultures, the Iwno Culture and the Trzciniec Cultural Circle), the most numerous are these with a clear presence of the Iwno-Trzciniec stylistic component (Figs. 3-8). It clearly points to the participation of the Iwno Culture population in the process of “Iwienisation/Trzcinietisation” of Para-Neolithic groups in this region. Taking the radiocarbon date into consideration (3660±60 BP, 2200-1880 cal BC; GdA-480) which was acquired from Feature 192 at Ząbie, it is possible - in spite of the lack of pottery in this feature - to assume a very early formation of a society with early Trzciniec characteristics in the territory of Masuria.
2

TYP JUODKRANTE - IWIEŃSKI I TRZCINIECKI KOMPONENT STYLISTYCZNY W CERAMICE Z RZUCEWSKIEJ OSADY W SUCHACZU

100%
Manasterski D.
Światowit
|
2012
|
vol. Tom IX (L), fasc. B
151-168
EN
A discussion on the end of the Rzucewo Culture has been lasting for many years. Earlier suggestions on the existence of the Early Bronze Age phase of this group were based on the analysis of similarities between vessels of the late Rzucewo Culture and of the Trzciniec Culture. The separated Type Juodkrante (DĄBROWSKI 1963) was a harbinger of a considerable assemblage of pottery with the Iwno and the Trzciniec Cultures’ stylistic traits. This assemblage came from Site 1 in Suchacz, which was excavated in the 1980s (MAZUROWSKI 1987). Pottery from this settlement has not been published so far. At present, in con¬nection with the progress of research, it offers a basis for the analysis, which is discussed in this paper. Vessels from Suchacz may generally be divided into two groups. The first one comprises vessels which fit into the characteristics of the Rzucewo Culture, while the other group includes fragments with mixed late Rzucewo and Iwno-Trzciniec traits (Figs. 2-9). Within the latter group there are S-shaped vessels, vase-like vessels as well as bowls in the shape of a section of a sphere. These vessels were ornamented in their upper parts with incised ambient lines, which were interrupted with manifold vertical details. Grooves were often accompanied with zigzags, chevrons and stamp marks. In a few cases vessels were also ornament¬ed on their internal sides, under the rims. A formal analysis allowed for an identification of a few cultural components. Apart from local ornamentation (the late Rzucewo Culture and that from the East European forest zone), one can notice an extraneous (Iwno-Trzciniec) component, which is a reflection of Early Bronze Age stylistics. It corresponds to the characteristics proposed by J. Dąbrowski for Type Juodkrante. Clear stylistic similarities between vessels from the territory of the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea and pottery from the Masurian Lake District point to the existence of a Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultural community in this part of the Central European Plain. The Late Neolithic background was formed by units with traits of the Central European Neolithic and Para-Neolithic. These units were subject to an impact from groups with Eneolithic characteristics (the Bell Beaker Culture and/or the Single Grave Culture - in its Dagger and Zone Beaker Periods). In the Early Bronze Age the mentioned units adopt and transform elements of the Iwno and the Trzciniec Cultures. The direction of impact of “Iwno” communities was in all probability related to the penetration of amber-bearing areas. On the other hand, the participation of the “Trzciniec” component may be considered as a trace of transformations within the framework of the concept of the “translocation of the ‘Trzciniec’ cultural packet” (cf. CZEBRESZUK 1998: 412ff.). In result of a broadly understood “Early Bronze Age process ofcirculation ofcultural models in the Central Europan Plain,” which led to the origin of the Trzciniec Cultural Circle, it came to a formation of local stylistics in the territory of the late Rzucewo Culture. This stylistics demonstrates Iwno-Trzciniec references and Type Juodkrante pottery is distinctive for it.
3

Tradycje kulturowe grupy Linin we wczesnej fazie kultury trzcinieckiej na Mazowszu w świetle materiałów ze stanowisk w Raszynie i w Regułach koło Warszawy

63%
Manasterski D., Januszek K.
Światowit
|
2009-2010
|
vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B
41-48
EN
Ever since Aleksander Gardawski described Trzciniec culture (TC) in 1959 it has been known that the group evolved in Central Europe on the background of Late Neolithic and Early Bronze communities (GARDAWSKI 1959: 167-168). He suggested, already then, influences of para-Neolithic groups in the formation of that entity (presently the Linin group (LG) in the case of Masovia). Since then, despite more recent discoveries, the description of Masovian-Podlachian TC group has not been reviewed, nor has its evolution process been reinterpreted. For this reason, the present article should be regarded as a contribution to a discussion of TC origin in Masovia and a role of the LG communities in relation to it. The materials used for the analysis come from sites in Raszyn (munic- ipality Raszyn) and Reguły (municipality Michałowice), both in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, as at this stage of research they are one of the key resources referring to the subject. In the encampment in Raszyn (MANASTERSKI 2003) there were found remains of a shelter-like housingstructure (Fig. 1) typical of all the para-Neolithic groups of East European forest zone (JÓZWIAK 2003: 225; OSCIBKINA 1996:143, fig. 45:VII; OLSZEWSKI 1987: 7-9). 31 flint and three stone artifacts, together with remains of eight ceramic vessels characteristic of Early TC were discovered inside a stone circle which defined the ground floor of the shelter. Some of the objects displayed features typical of para-Neolithic artifacts. In the case of pottery they were represented by impressions of a variety of stamps (Fig. 2:1-3) while a small triangular arrowhead (Fig. 3:1) and blades represented flint tools. The impressions on the vessels and the arrowhead showed relation to Neman culture and the blades to technology known from the Late Mesolithic. The site in Reguły yielded a cultural layer with re¬mains of an encampment (MANASTERSKI 2005). The pot¬tery found in it was unequivocally related to an early stage of TC. Apart from that, there were post-consumption animal bone remains and 1287 flint objects. The pottery, just like on Raszyn site, showed para-Neolithic component (LG) in the form of stamp impressions, ribbed edges of utensils as well as decorated inside parts (Fig. 2:4-7). The flint artifacts were found together with the pottery, they did not form separate assemblages and displayed features typical of TC as well as older ones - para-Neolithic, showing Mesolithic techniques. That means there were both microlithic single platform blade cores made oferratic and chocolate flint (Fig. 3:2-5) related to Janislavicka culture and triangles and blades (Fig. 3:6-8). The above mentioned materials displaying archaic (para-Neolithic) features in TC are evidence for LG tradition among the inhabitants of encampments in Raszyn and Reguły, and this may possibly be true about other early TC sites in Masovia. The LG pottery has already been described well and consequently it is possible to find the features it has in common with early TC pottery, whereas the lack of systematic description of LG flint work makes it difficult to compare it with local developments of this aspect of economy in TC. That state of affairs is probably due to the manner of examination of flint resources. Flint artifacts are usually separated by means of typological method from LG pottery found in the same context and are usually identified as remains of different communities including Mesolithic groups.
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