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Socio-environmental vulnerability of water in the estuary of the metropolitan region of Santos (Brazil)

100%
Martins F. L. C., Giordano F., Barrella W.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2021
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vol. 40
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issue 4
113-125
EN
Santos and São Vicente Estuarine Complex (SSEC) is a densely populated coastal area that houses the main port in Latin America and the most prominent Brazilian industrial complex. Irregular occupations in preservation areas result in a disorderly increase in population, with negative social and environmental impacts. We evaluated the average annual growth of 74 slums occurring in this area and variations in water quality from 2005 to 2018. We monitor the growth of the occupied areas and estimate their respective populations. The average annual population growth was over 6% per year (p.a.). Invasions of new areas and verticalisation of already occupied areas represent 85% of the growth seen. The monthly polluting loads exceeded 450 tonnes or 2,086,000 m3, compromising the waters and local and regional public health. We strongly recommend re-urbanising the area using the resource savings caused by water loss to reduce the risks of ecosystem degradation, damage to health and disease spread.
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The debris distribution model for removal planning of an urbanized estuarine complex

76%
Barrella W., Farraboti E., Carminatto A. A., Adami F. A. C., Rotundo M. M., Ramires M., Júnior M. P.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2021
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vol. 40
|
issue 1
97-107
EN
We checked the spatial pattern of debris stranding at Praia de Santos (Brazil) in the first hour after the peak of high and low tide in summer and winter. We recorded and counted 20 types of debris (natural and anthropogenic) in 6 transects arranged in 3 zones along the beach (deposition, transport, and erosion). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that buoyancy was an essential property in distinguishing debris stranding behaviours. The erosion zone, closer to the estuary showed that many mollusk shells, ropes and rocks, while plastics, styrofoam and fiber nylon were in the deposition zone. Throughout the estuary, we inspected the beach, identifying sections of origin and accumulation associated with the circulation system and currents. We propose the removal and recycling of debris from accumulation sites near highways and urban systems.
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