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PL
The paper proposes an approach to Schulz’s life in terms of biogeography. The author criticizes the stereotype of Schulz’s biography as that of a settled, provincial man who hardly ever left his hometown, and when he did, he suffered from anxiety and the sense of failure. That stereotype was created by Jerzy Ficowski, who brought into being the figure of Schulz as a weak, shy, hypersensitive, and anxious artist, who in his art found shelter from everyday reality. The paper presents some aspects of Ficowski’s approach to Schulz’s spatial experience (decontextualization, negligence of social life and the urban experience) to show how a critique of that approach may lead to a new, biogeographical version of the writer’s life.
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The author examines Jerzy Ficowski’s approach to Schulzian masochism. Examining few traces of Schulz’s sexuality in Ficowski’s study Regions of the Great Heresy, he argues that his biographical portrait presents the writer as an eternal child, innocent and unspoiled by the dirty universe of sex. In Ficowski’s later studies dealing with Schulz’s masochism, the key issue is a connection of art and sexuality since the biographer claims that masochism is the deep, dark root of Schulz’s creative power.
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Schulz, duchy i meblościanka

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PL
The paper presents an analysis of the “Schulzoid” novel by Dominika Słowik, Atlas: Döppelganger, which addressed the topic of passing from adolescence to adulthood during the Polish systemic transformation. The author’s starting point is the famous interpretation of Schulz’s fiction by Artur Sandauer in his essay “The Degraded Reality” [Rzeczywistość zdegradowana], based on a claim that Schulz represented in his own way the experience of the decomposition of the known world as a result of the capitalist expansion in the early 20th century. The analysis focuses on the figure of the grandfather and the transformation itself. The former is the central character in the narrator’s mythology of childhood: he keeps telling fascinating stories about life at sea, on the other hand being a fantasist who tries to alleviate his sense of exclusion from the new reality. The systemic transformation has been represented in Słowik’s novel by a series of antinomies as well. The nostalgic and sublime descriptions of the material conditions at the turning point have been combined with the pictures of degradation and trash. Then the novel is placed against the background of the literature of the 1990s, summed up by Olga Drenda’s essay, Duchologia polska. Słowik remembers the material conditions of the period of the systemic transformation and the trashy, though also sentimental, aesthetics of the historical moment when she and other authors of her generation were children. This makes the author of the paper compare their writing with Schulz’s postulate of the return to childhood. Yet in Schulz’s fiction childhood is the source of a private mythology – the images that constitute the writer’s imagination. The writers of the 1990s make a turn toward the reminiscences of childhood to revise critically the myths of the historical turning moment and to articulate their own and their generation’s experience of the transformation.
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Schulz pod ścianą

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PL
The paper is an analysis of a 1958 memorial essay on Bruno Schulz by Hanna Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, focused on its two aspects. One is Schulz’s relationship with the writer Maria Kuncewiczowa, rarely addressed by scholars but important since her novel Cudzoziemka played a significant role in Schulz’s literary criticism. The other is Mortkowicz-Olczakowa’s memorial narration itself and her role in promoting the Drogobych writer’s myth. The memorial essay shows clear ambivalences as regards the myth of Schulz, most likely representing a mourning bias in the postwar reception of his writing.
EN
Author of an article reads Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s Książka o Sycylii, an essay on Italian journey, as an approach on cognitive preference of hidden, provincial places. This assumption is presented with three aspects: relations between Poland and Italy, strangeness of Sicilians and encounter with mass tourist.73
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Author of the article explores the phenomenon of reportage biography in context of Pierre Nora's notion of „age of commemoration”. The crucial feature of this new genre of biographical writing is that the biographers focus on testimonies of people who personally knew the biographical subject instead of reading and re-reading documents gathered in the archives. Such an attitude has several consequences for the poetics of the biography. Biography becomes polyphonic as a scene of dialogue or confrontation of many different voices, different approaches on the subject. Biography becomes also ex-centric which means that biographical narrative concerns not on the subject as a central figure of biographical discourse, but delivers space for the witnesses to express their historical experience, to tell their life stories. Author of the article presents these matters by analyzing Bruno Schulz's biography Schulz pod kluczem and showing how this poliphony of accounts typical for reportage biography works in nostalgic frame of Budzyński's approach.
PL
The article offers a critical discussion of Anna Kaszuba-Dębska’s book Bruno. Epoka genialna [Bruno. The Age of Genius]. The reviewer argues that the main feature of Kaszuba-Dębska narrative is its heterogeneity; it manifests itself through the renouncement of the authorial voice, which it replaced by a dense tissue of quotations, as well as through the extensive discussion of cultural contexts and the lack of a consistently outlined dominant theme organizing the course of the protagonist’s life. For this reason, the reviewer regards Kaszuba-Dębska’s publication as a text reminiscent of a silva rerum (cf. commonplace book), whose heterogeneity, however, seems to stem from the author’s lack of control over her material, rather than from an attempt to cross the borders of the biographical genre.
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The article describes new solutions in the field of combating domestic violence in the form of an immediate, temporary order for the person using domestic violence to leave the apartment, as provided for in the Act on the Police and the Military Police, and a prohibition on approaching the apartment and its immediate surroundings. There are also described the solutions in the field of civil procedure in the form of the so-called judicial extension of the restraining order. In addition to the innovative solutions introduced by the Act of 30 April 2020, an analysis was made of other, similarly constructed protection tools included in the draft amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (UD297). Apart from the dogmatic analysis de lege lata and de lege ferenda, the article contains an analysis of the implementation of the act, pointing to the factors determining the effectiveness of the aforementioned new tools, and evaluating the first months of its application and indicates the significant importance of the coordination and cooperation of various entities as an important factor determining the effectiveness of anti-violence regulations.
PL
Artykuł zawiera omówienie nowych rozwiązań w zakresie zwalczania przemocy domowej, tj. przewidzianego w ustawach o Policji oraz o Żandarmerii Wojskowej natychmiastowego, tymczasowego nakazu opuszczenia mieszkania przez osobę stosującą przemoc oraz zakazu zbliżania się do mieszkania i jego najbliższego otoczenia. Przedstawione zostały również rozwiązania z zakresu procedury cywilnej w postaci tzw. sądowego przedłużenia zakazu zbliżania się. Oprócz wprowadzonych ustawą z 30.04.2020 r. nowatorskich rozwiązań dokonana została analiza kolejnych – o analogicznej konstrukcji – narzędzi ochrony, zawartych w projekcie nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego (UD297). Poza analizą dogmatyczną de lege lata oraz de lege ferenda artykuł zawiera analizę wdrożenia ustawy, wskazuje na czynniki warunkujące skuteczność wspomnianych nowych narzędzi, a także dokonuje ewaluacji pierwszych miesięcy jej stosowania oraz podkreśla istotne znaczenie koordynacji i współpracy różnych podmiotów jako istotny czynnik warunkujący efektywność regulacji antyprzemocowych.
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Ficowski monografista

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PL
Ficowski as a monographist The article deals with topic of reading practices of Jerzy Ficowski as a monographist of Bruno Schulz and Witold Wojtkiewicz. The crucial features of Ficowski’s monographical discourse are deep emotional engagement, creation of researcher-amateur sceptical of practices of professional scholars, humbleness towards the text and respect for its singularity. Key words: Schulz; Wojtkiewicz; monograph; ethics of interpretation; art of interpretation; Epiphany;
EN
The authors reconstruct the key elements of the conception of global law proposed by Rafael Domingo, a world-recognised Spanish Roman law specialist, offer its interpretation, as well as recommend application of that law in the creation of a conception of material sources of law. The starting point for the discussion on the above is a critical assessment of subject-reductionism in public international law, and the principles of territoriality and sovereignty in particular. The authors argue that overcoming the current regulatory and academic crisis in international law will not be possible unless its existing paradigm is changed. Anthroparchy – a term coined by the authors – should become a constructive element of the new paradigm, meaning that a person with its intrinsic dignity and equality should be put in place of the state’s sovereignty. The characteristics of such person, relevant for the axiological conditioning of the legal system, is then proposed, introducing to the legal deliberations an interdisciplinary approach to philosophical anthropology. The presented conception belongs to non-positivism in law, and its explanatory force concerns questions of law’s teleology and autonomy with regard to state.
PL
Autorzy rekonstruują podstawowe elementy koncepcji prawa globalnego zaproponowanej przez Rafaela Dominga, światowej sławy hiszpańskiego romanistę, oraz proponują jej interpretację i wykorzystanie do stworzenia koncepcji materialnych źródeł prawa. Punktem wyjścia tej koncepcji jest krytyka faktu, że w dominującym nurcie nauki prawa międzynarodowego publicznego zagadnienia dotyczące podmiotowości zredukowane są niemal wyłącznie do państw. Ten redukcjonizm wspiera się w szczególności na zasadach terytorialności i suwerenności. Autorzy twierdzą, że przezwyciężenie aktualnego kryzysu regulacyjnego, związanego z procesami globalizacji oraz zaradzenie niedostatkom nauki prawa międzynarodowego publicznego nie jest możliwe bez zmiany dotychczasowego paradygmatu. Konstytutywnym elementem nowego paradygmatu powinna być antropoarchiczność, czyli postawienie osoby z jej wrodzoną i równą godnością w miejsce suwerenności państwa. Autorzy dokonują typologii cech osoby, relewantnych jako aksjologiczne uwarunkowania systemu prawnego. Wprowadzają tym samym do rozważań prawnych ujęcie interdyscyplinarne z zakresu antropologii filozoficznej. Przedstawiona koncepcja sytuuje się w kręgu non-pozytywizmu, a jej szczególna wartość wyjaśniająca odnosi się do zagadnienia celowości prawa oraz jego autonomii względem państwa.
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