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THREE PROBLEMS WITH SCIENTIFIC REALISM (O trzech problemach realizmu naukowego)

100%
Pospiszyl M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2009
|
vol. 8
91-122
EN
The article consists of five parts. In the first part the author concentrates on the problem of realism in its philosophical context, on disputes from which it derives and it corresponds with. Afterwards, he analyzes and correct the canonical version of Putnam's No-miracle argument, viewed as the strongest argument in favour of scientific realism. In the next part, he is trying to confront the objections that can be raised against this type of argumentation. It will relate to an attempt to resolve the three questions, asked from three different perspectives: 1) An empiricist (The Vienna Circle) will ask if the success of the science needs an explanation 2) Next, a 'neutral' anti-realist or a critical realist will investigate: is the presented argument, logically coherent and historically adequate? 3) Finally, a constructionist (The sociology of knowledge / Postmodernism) will ask: is the success (understood approaching to the truth) of science is a fact, or the a (meta)fact? In the end, the author tries to explain why he did not succeed in giving unambiguous answer to those three questions.
2

LEV SHESTOV'S PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE AS A PHILOSOPHY OF SLEEPLESSNESS (Filozofia zycia Lwa Szestowa jako filozofia bezsennosci)

100%
Pospiszyl M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2008
|
vol. 36
|
issue 4
53-64
EN
Lev Shestov's philosophy of life could be read as a philosophy of sleeplessness. Recurrent metaphors of sleep, awakening, vigil and sleeplessness, underline the important role of these concepts in Shestov's philosophy. However, a serious problem arises. If we are to live in permanent sleeplessness, permanent tension, will we not become accustomed to this tension, and in the end sleeplessness will be as soothing as a pleasant dream? In order to understand Shestov's three senses of sleeplessness and to avoid aporia (e.g. that of pleasant sleeplessness), the author would add two more senses of sleeplessness from the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas: I. sleeplessness as a situation of impersonality:'il y a' (Levinas); II. the sleeplessness of permanent tension and awakening (Shestov), III. the sleeplessness of quiet vigil (Shestov); IV. the sleeplessness of vigil in knowledge (a sense criticized by Shestov); V. the sleeplessness of metaphysical desire, being awake thanks to the existence of 'the other in me' (Levinas)
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