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Polsko: modernizace jako naštípnutá tradice

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Vykoukal J.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

2006

issue Sp. Ed.

73-99

The problem of tradition and modernity is one of the key themes of modern Polish history. It was caused by the strong and persistent dominance of political culture, which established itself on the basis of the norms of the noble society. In this form and for a long time it loomed over other opportunities for development as a possible inspiration and binding framework. A high frequency of political crises and a weak modernising balance contributed to the fact that these models remained functional well into the 20th century. There bearers were the political and cultural elite (inteligencja), which formed as informal structures, however, they operated in formal institutional frameworks. Owing to their origins, they prevented, to a certain degree, the process of modernisation, which infringed on their historical identity. Therefore, other social groups benefited from this process, which made it difficult for these groups to enter politics without direct ties to the elite or mental dependence on their models. Politics thus partially paradoxically contradicted modernisation because they were two wholes with different internal constructs.

Sovětizace jako výkladový problém

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Vykoukal J.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

2007

vol. 15

287-301

The paper focuses on interpretation of Sovietisation as a matter of geography, chronology, and a political process. As a consequence of the Cold War period the interpretations of Sovietisation, being under the strong impact of manichean conceptions of the postwar development as well as of the propaganda schemes, have focused either on internal transformation or on the Soviet expansionism following the turn at the Eastern front in 1943. The paper tries to define fundamental features of Sovietisation in terms of a comparative framework manifesting the affinities and differences of political and socio-economic processes taking place in both, Western and East Central Europe as well. The main goal is to grasp Sovietisation as a process which can be understood within the context of other historical trends emerging in modern European history and not only as a part of exclusively post-war development.

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1 Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

1 Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

1 2007

1 2006

2 Vykoukal J.

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Polsko: modernizace jako naštípnutá tradice

Sovětizace jako výkladový problém