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PL
W artykule autor przestawia koncepcję współczesnego francuskiego filozofa Renaud Barbarasa. Głównym punktem odniesienia do jego rozważań jest filozofia życia. Nie łączy się ona jednak z tradycją Lebensphilosophie, lecz raczej została samodzielnie wypracowana w oparciu o szeroko rozumianą tradycję fenomenologiczną, choć odnaleźć można także i wątki spoza tej tradycji. Obejmuje m.in. takich autorów jak: E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, J. Patočka, E. Levinas, H. Jonas czy M. Henry. W polemice z nimi Barbaras wypracowuje swoją własną filozofię życia. Jedną z istotnych jej składowych jest koncepcja antropologiczna stanowiąca oryginalną część jego koncepcji filozoficznej. Jest to antropologia, która ma charakter prywatywny. Kładzie nacisk na rolę i funkcję braku w życiu podmiotu. Tym samym zarysowana zostaje w obrębie metafizyki życia szczególna, wyróżniająca cecha człowieka rozumianego jako podmiot pragnienia. Z metafizyki życia wyodrębnia się podmiot pragnienia.
EN
In the article the author would like to draw the readers’ attention to the philosophy of a contemporary French thinker, Renaud Barbaras. The main point in his investigations is the philosophy of life; however, he does not belong to the movement called “Lebensphilosophie”. Barbaras has built up his own philosophy in long discussions and polemics with other philosophers, especially those who like E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, J. Patočka, E. Levinas or M. Henry are connected with phenomenology. One of the important elements of Barbaras’ original philosophy of life is his conception of the human being. Barbaras points out the role of lack in the life of the human subject. As a result the concept of the subject of desire emerges from the broad perspective of the metaphysics of life.
EN
In the paper “Kant, Tischner and the Problem of Evil” the author would like to draw the readers’ attention to the question of evil. It is the matter of fact that the problem of evil has become one of the most discussed in the contemporary philosophy. The role of I. Kant in this field is important, and many thinkers in 20th century considered the evil’s problem in relations to Kant, who coined the term ‘radical evil’. One of them was a Polish philosopher, J. Tischner. In the paper the author takes into consideration the arguments of Tischner about the Kant’s conception and critically discusses them.
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EN
In the paper Care of the self and human development the author would like to draw readers` attention to the concept of self-care. This concept, according to the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka, is crucial for humanity formation. Patočka and another 20 century thinker Michel Foucault tried to revive the tradition of the care of the self. It is a matter of fact that this tradition lost its significance in the modern time partially because of the growing importance of scientific approaches toward human being. Despite this, care of the self can still be an important element in the human life. Care of the self can be understood as an alternative in the world dominated by scientism and instrumentalism because it tries to see human development as a process in which two approaches scientific and spiritual become one in the art of living.
Diametros
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2008
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issue 16
80-91
PL
Recenzja książki: Michael J. Sandel, The Case against Perfection. Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 2007
EN
Review of the book: Michael J. Sandel, The Case against Perfection. Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 2007
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Content available remote

O początkach kultury z René Girardem

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Diametros
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2007
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issue 11
142-150
PL
Recenzja książki: René Girard Początki kultury, przeł. Michał Romanek, Wydawnictwo Znak, Kraków, 2006. s. 274.
EN
Rewiev of the book: René Girard Początki kultury. transl. Michał Romanek, Znak, Kraków, 2006. s. 274.
EN
In the paper the author would like to draw readers’ attention to the discussion about the other’s face. The point of reference is the philosophy of E. Lévinas. The French philosopher considered himself a phenomenologist, but if so, someone may ask: what kind of phenomenology is it? and how should be the phenomenon understood? These questions led to a vivid discussion. On the one hand, there is D. Janicaud who severely criticized Lévinas for having made “a theological turn” and thus for having abandoned phenomenology for theology. On the other hand, J.-L. Marion tried to reformulate the Lévinas central idea of the other’s face in a language of the new phenomenology. In the paper the author first presents the position of Lévinas about phenomenology, then goes into critical arguments and discuss them, finally he tries to reformulate in the new way the phenomenon of the other’s face, it means in terms of J.-L. Marion’s new phenomenology.
PL
W artykule podejmuję dyskusję dotyczącą twarzy innego. Punktem odniesienia będą poglądy E. Lévinasa, który uważał się za fenomenologa. Powstaje pytanie: jakiego rodzaju jest to fenomenologia? Jak rozumieć fenomen? Pytania te wywołały żywą dyskusję. Z jednej strony spotkały się one z krytyką. D. Janicaud zarzuca Lévinasowi „teologiczny zwrot” i porzucenie fenomenologii na rzecz teologii. Z drugiej J. L. Marion stara się przeformułować analizy Lévinasa w duchu nowej fenomenologii. W mojej argumentacji przedstawię najpierw poglądy Lévinasa dotyczące fenomenologii, następnie uwagi krytyczne pod jego adresem, by w końcowej części artykułu ująć fenomen twarzy w języku nowej fenomenologii.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2013
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vol. 41
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issue 4
117-129
EN
The paper considers Paul Ricoeur’s ideas about psychoanalysis. It focuses on three elements that show the evolution of Ricoeur’s views. The first pertains to the early period of his work and is connected with the first volume of the Philosophy of the Will. Here psychoanalysis was placed in the context of a broad project which examines the relationship between what is either dependent on or independent of man’s will. The second element concerns the best known interpretations of psychoanalysis, which were presented in two works, Freud and Philosophy and The Conflict of Interpretations. In these works the science of the unconscious becomes one of the branches of hermeneutics, more precisely the hermeneutics of suspicions. The third, least known aspect of Ricoeur’s work has to do with a new interpretation of psychoanalysis and can be found in Autour de la psychanalyse. Ecrits et conferences. Ricoeur, noting a discord between Freud’s theoretical writings and his descriptions of the psychoanalytical technique and of concrete cases, proposes a new approach based on the second group of writings.
EN
One of the most original and creative French philosophers, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, who died 50 years ago, still remains to be discovered by contemporary readers. In his philosophical endeavour he developed a thought-provoking conception. Merleau-Ponty was one of the leading figures of the phenomenological movement. In the paper the author would like to draw the readers’ attention to some of his illuminating ideas. The paper mainly focuses on the first period of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical development in which this outstanding French philosopher elaborated on a still valid idea concerning human action and the mind-body relation.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2010
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vol. 38
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issue 4
111-126
EN
In the article the author would like to call attention to the issue of care of the self and ethics in the philosophy of the contemporary French philosopher Michel Foucault. It is a matter of fact that in the late period of his philosophical career Foucault focused on morality and in this context developed very interesting reflections. In the articlet he author tries to follow the main topics from this period and attempts to explore such issues as techniques of the self, care of the self and its history in the context of philosophical investigations about ethics understood, not as a reflection about norms, but rather as a process of the constitution of the self.
PL
The paper aims at comparing the two thinkers, the lives and works of which took place in troubled by totalitarianisms 20th century. Apart from the historical kinship of the biographies there is also a group of issues in which they share some interest. Part of it is related to their affiliation to phenomenological movement. Jan Patočka, former student of Husserl and Heidegger, has developed an original concept of phenomenology, firstly as a science concerning human life taken as a existential movement, including then also some questions concerning first philosophy as a project of a subjective phenomenology. In turn, Józef Tischner, a student of R. Ingarden, in his rich output starting with his dissertation concerning transcendental ego in Husserl, through analyses of axiological consciousness, the problem of values and some issues concerning existence gets to some fundamental problems of ethics and philosophical anthropology. Just as Patočka, Tischner also was active in political life taking part in some important public debates. Central to the paper is the issue of philosophy of man. In the case of Patočka I reveal the relation between man, freedom and history which is best expressed in his late works, the ones from 1970s. They show the way of conceiving man as historical creature and rise of history is accompanied by discovery of philosophy, politics and freedom. Becoming a historical creature, man enters the realm of “controversiality.” In Tischner, on the other hand, the movement of autonomous reflection on man, including its temporal and historical aspects, goes from reflection on axiology to the late period of his intellectual activity when it is placed in the context of his philosophy of drama. Here, the key to grasp who is man is the I-you relation and agatology. Both thinkers see the fragility, even drama of human existence, which they face, and they defend human freedom in the era of ideologies and technology.
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