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Pozycja kobiet na polskim rynku pracy. Uwarunkowania prawne i rzeczywistość

100%
Kałążna K.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2006
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issue 1
73-99
EN
Polish women are in a significantly less advantageous position than men with respect to employment, or professional promotion. They are also the majority among the unemployed, despite their increasingly better education. The unequal attitude to women is also expressed in terms of their salaries – on average women earn 17% less than men. The paper presents the statistical data on women’s unemployment, describes the legal conditions of women’s functioning on the labor market, and shows that, despite the formal ban on discrimination, it is present in more or less concealed forms. The paper describes the obstacles women face trying to find employment and in taking full advantage of their skills, e.g. the glass ceiling. The author familiarizes the notion of the glass ceiling and she also refers to the role of stereotypes and the atmosphere of one’s home in the future functioning on the labor market.
2
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Czarnogóra i Bośnia-Hercegowina (problemy graniczne i etniczne)

63%
Kałążna K., Rosicki R.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2008
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issue 1
165-178
EN
The borderline between Montenegro and Bosnia-Heregovina is an outcome of numerous factors: firstly – religion, secondly – ethnic composition, thirdly – politics, and finally – geographical conditions. The stronger influence of the Orthodox Church in Montenegro and Serbia resulted in the survival and relative cohesion of the respective populations of both countries. This has not occurred in Bosnia-Herzgovina. This state is a product of political agreements on the internal and international levels. This may be exemplified by the so-called Serbian Republic that me the eastern frontier of the country. Thus the Serbian Republic constitutes the border with Montenegro. The contemporary territory of the Republic does not proportionately reflect the ethnic composition (Serbian minority).
3
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O interesie narodowym i racji stanu – rozważania teoretyczne

63%
Kałążna K., Rosicki R.
Przegląd Politologiczny
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2013
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issue 1
119-128
EN
The concepts of national interest or raison d’etat continue to be fundamental elements in the foreign policies of states. Making direct reference to these concepts is crucial for making the arguments employed in political discussions efficient. The paper presents theoretical considerations on the issue of raison d’etat or national interest. It attempts to distinguish between the meanings of these two concepts, presents the changes in how they have been understood and tries to approach them theoretically. It also refers to how the raison d’etat and national interest are understood by N. Machiavelli, C. Le Bret and a range of contemporary authors. The theoretical approach to national interest makes use of V. Udalov’s theory, which discusses this concept as understood by researchers from the two opposing blocs at the time of the Cold War – the USA and the USSR. The paper also refers to the concept of interest in the context of international relations.
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