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1
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Wolny przepływ towarów i (u)sług. multikulturalizm a wielokulturowość w wyobrażeniach o swojskości i przydatności społecznej oraz legitymizacji kulturowej w kontekście aksjologii ekonomicznej

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Kaczmarek Ł.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2012
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vol. 20
107-131
EN
In this essay I am refecting on the overwhelmingly economic character of values and imaginaries demonstrated in the context of acceptance or rejection of the Cultural Others – ethnic minorities members and migrants – in the contemporary societies of nation-states declaring (or, like Poland, implicitly performing) the multiculturalistic attitudes. I indicate that in these countries two rules – of imagined familiarity and imagined utility, both in the sauce of economic axiology – are being used in the contemporary public discourse as an articulation of the existence legitimacy for those who may be indicated and labelled as somehow diferent and specifcally “non-native”. I argue that these imaginaries and increasingly economic grounds of group, as well as individual, meaning and worth assessment are also a justifcation of the social groups uneven treatment in spite of ofcial recognising the anti-discriminatory and multiculturalistic rules. Te Polish afrmative action addressed to the natives is given here as an example of carelessness and negligence in law establishing - bearing in mind the genesis of Poland’s relative ethno-cultural homogeneity and democracy - that may occur very troublesome in the context of growing multiculturality.
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Zapinki brązowe ze zbiorów Muzeum Początków Państwa Polskiego w Gnieźnie

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Kaczmarek Ł.
Wielkopolskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2012
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vol. 13
81-88
EN
The article issues into scientific circuit seven bronze fibulae from Gniezno land area, currently present in the collections of The Beginnings of Polish State Museum in Gniezno, and coming from the Gniezno county region (Fig. 1-4). All these fibulae come from accidental discoveries, due to which they lack archaeological context, which made their analysis still harder. The conclusions thus are limited to mainly stating their chronology within historical periods frame specific for Polish regions. The oldest of the fibulae was discovered in Gniezno, on site 236. It is a Certosa type fibulae (Fig. 2; 5:1), reflecting the late Halstatt period, confirming the contacts of Gniezno Land area societies with western and southern Europe areas during HaD period. The second of analyzed fibulae comes from Wełnica, Gniezno commune, site 3. It is a G type of mid La Tène period fibula, according to J. Kostrzewski (Fig. 4; 5:2). The appearance of fibulae of that type relates to A2 phase of younger pre-Roman period, and is connected with La Tène Culture impact on north Barbaricum areas. The oldest of Roman period fibulae represents A II 38 type and was discovered also in Wełnica, Gniezno commune, on site 9 (Fig. 2; 5:6). It completes the collection of cap fibulae of eastern series, dated on B2- B3 phases. It should be connected with Przeworsk Culture settlement. The most numerous group are the A V 95-96 type fibulae discovered in Imiołki, Łubowo commune, site 14 (Fig. 1; 5:3), in Gniezno, site 154 (Fig. 2; 5:4), and in Żółcz, Niechanowo commune, site 12 (Fig. 4; 5:5), which are dated on B2-C1 phases (early Roman stylistics). The last one of the described fibulas is strongly wrecked fragment of A IV,V? type fibula from Goczałkowo (Fig. 2; 5:7), which can be dated on B2-C1 phases.
PL
Omówiony zbiór przedmiot związanych z okresem starożytnym Ziemi Gnieźnieńskiej to grupa siedmiu zapinek, znajdujących się w zbiorach Muzeum Początków Państwa Polskiego w Gnieźnie. Wszystkie pochodzą z przypadkowych odkryć, w związku z czym pozbawione są kontekstu archeologicznego, co utrudniało w dużym stopniu ich analizę. W związku z tym wnioski płynące z analizy zapinek ograniczają się głównie do określenia chronologii w ramach przedziałów czasowych obowiązujących dla terenów ziem polskich. Najstarsza z nich odkryta w Gnieźnie stan. 236 to zapinka typu „certoskiego”, o proweniencji schyłkowohalsztackiej, świadcząca o kontaktach społeczności zamieszkującej Ziemię Gnieźnieńską z terenami zachodniej i południowej Europy w okresie HaD. Druga z analizowanych zapinek pochodzi z Wełnicy, gm. Gniezno stan. 3. Jest to zapinka o konstrukcji środkowolateńskiej typu G wg. J. Kostrzewskiego. Występowanie zapinek tego typu odpowiada fazie A2 młodszego okresu przedrzymskiego i łączone są z oddziaływaniem kultury lateńskiej na ziemie północnego barbaricum. Do najstarszych zapinek pochodzących z okresu wpływów rzymskich pochodzi zapinka typu A II 38, odkryta również w Wełnicy, gm. Gniezno stan. 9, uzupełnia ona zbiór zapinek kapturkowych serii wschodniej, datowanych na fazy B2 – B3. Łączyć ją należy z osadnictwem kultury przeworskiej. Najliczniej reprezentowane były zapinki typu A V 95-96 odkryte w Imiołkach, gm. Łubowo stan.14, w Gnieźnie stan. 154 oraz w Żółczu, gm. Niechanowo, stan. 12, które datowane są na fazy B2 – C1 (stylistyka wczesnorzymska). Ostatnią z omówionych fibul jest silnie zniszczony fragment zapinki typu AIV, V z Goczałkowa, którą datować można na fazę B2 – C1.
3
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Między survey research a obserwacją uczestniczącą: rozdarcia metodologiczno-tożsamościowe w polskiej etnologii/antropologii kulturowej w XXI wieku

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Kaczmarek Ł.
Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia
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2016
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issue 2
EN
Polish ethnology undergoes persistent transformation as a result of theoretical, methodological and epistemological influences from world anthropologies. While in theory it has substantially shifted towards the main stream socio-cultural anthropology, many Polish ethnologists still cultivate formalised methodological approaches developed in the first half of 20th century in Poland, symbolised by a survey. Ethnography understood as an endeavour to obtain an insight into a people’s culture, largely by means of long-lasting participant observation and deep hanging out still struggles for recognition as “scientific enough” while survey approach described in a formalised and quasi-quantitative way dominates students’ training and successful research grants applications. Such a situation highlights the rupture in the identities of Polish ethnographers who feel that discrimination of a participant observation by their own colleagues hinders their struggle to make anthropology an autonomous and publicly recognised discipline in Poland
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Miecz obosieczny z okolic Bydgoszczy. Krótki przyczynek do badań nad uzbrojeniem w okresie przedrzymskim

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Kaczmarek Ł.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2012
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issue 5
157-164
PL
The analysed sword, discovered in one of the lakes in the environs of Bydgoszcz, found now in the collection of MPPP in Gniezno, is to associated with the earlier pre-Roman period.   It may be classified as type II two-edged sword from the aforesaid period, after typology suggested by P. Łuczkiewicz. His chronology, following typological analysis and analogous finds in the areas of the Oksywie and the Przeworsk culture should be estimated as phase  A2 – A3. The most proximate analogy comes from the area of Cuiavia, where, in similar conditions, a sword was discovered in Inowrocław-Mątwy (recovered from the Noteć river). A singular feature of the sword is the armourer’s mark which permits to ascribe it to a Celtic workshop. The sword from Bydgoszcz was probably made in a local workshop, in imitation of the Celtic swords. The occurrence of two-edged swords on the areas inhabited by Celts has a mass character, which is probably why swords of this type in the lands  of Poland need to be associated with their temporary presence in Silesia and in Małopolska, or with the strong influence of the Latenian culture streaming from the south of Europe. A double-edged was a basic weapon, and of huge significance, which corresponded with the Celtic model of armament. Its co-occurrence with a weapon of a different kind reflected various groups of warriors, perhaps it existed not only as a weapon but also as a manifestation of a certain social status. The analysed sword supplements the group of finds of the type for earlier pre-Roman period, and may attest to a contact of societies inhabiting the basin of the Oder and the Vistula with Celts, also with regard to other areas of life.   
5
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Grody centralne w kontekście pierwotnego patrymonium Piastów

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Kaczmarek Ł.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2019
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issue 2 (21)
30-41
EN
The main aim of the article is to show the role of the most important strongholds of the early Piast’ monarchy in the process of creation of their patrimony. Special emphasis is put on the character of these strongholds within cult sphere and on the meaning of the ritual places.
6
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Poza luksusowym więzieniem. Społeczne oddziaływania turystyki na Jamajce

100%
Kaczmarek Ł.
Lud
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2012
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vol. 96
249-272
EN
In this paper I examine the social and cultural impact of tourism and tourists on social relations and ethnic imaginaries in the local communities in Jamaica including those where the industry has not been developed. Global spread of the tourist industry and its impact on the growing number of everyday life aspects of people across the world, both tourists and host communities members, make tourism-related issues crucial for anthropology. The tourist industry is the main sector of Jamaican economy and also a powerful force in the Jamaican social life. The interplay between tourism and Jamaican communities cannot be reduced to the Jamaica’s subordination to the global capital, overwhelming neoliberalism, Western imaginaries and foreign tourists needs evident in mass tourism expansion which are symbolised by the image of the enclave resorts – “the all-inclusive prisons”. Jamaica is a relatively young nation still internally negotiating its multiple identities and confronting imaginaries of the Other and Self with the external imaginaries of Jamaica inhabitants and their conditions of life on which the country’s and local communities ability to absorb tourist money heavily depends. These sets of imaginaries subsequently influence the Jamaicans’ life-aspirations and everyday living strategies. The paper draws on observations and reflections deriving from the ethnographic research conducted by the author in Jamaica in 2011.
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