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EN
Several remarks on the book by Professor Andrzej Kisielewicz, Logic and Argumentation. Practical Course in Critical Thinking Professor Andrzej Kisielewicz’s book concerns active forms and methods of teaching logic, also outside the context of university education. It possesses prac­tical value and may also be an auxiliary material for, among others, high school students. Despite some shortcomings, such as unjustified ascription of the status of hypothesis to statements, a flawed definition of the methodological and epistemological concept of a historical fact, it contains many valuable and original logical propositions pertaining to critical and logical thinking. Undoubtedly, the book will be useful in education and helpful in introducing teachers and learners to using grammatical and logical rules. It will allow the reader to detect post-truth in the media or the shuffling of premises in argumentation. After implementing indispensable corrections and additions, it should become an obligatory reading — not only in the context of university education.
EN
In the 20th century some symptoms of a religious crisis were observed, as well as the decrease of faith and the increase of moral relativism. At the same time, an interest in the eastern mysticism and psycho-spiritual groups of development could be seen among people. The outcome of this process is an ongoing, quantitative growth of sects and pseudo-religious movements operating under false pretences of human spiritual development and ensuring religious freedom. In turn, in the political area, a crisis of ideology, degradation of politicians’ authority, fading of political parties’ identity and weakening of their importance were observed. The crisis of modern philosophy and the language itself as well as interpersonal communication released fascination with gnosis, led to the debasement of the meaning of classical culture and started an interest in technology, production of goods and services. Therefore, classical concepts of independence, dignity, diligence acquired a new meaning. The causes of sects’ emergence in the USA, Europe and the Th ird World Countries are different, for instance, poverty, searching new values and transcendence, the need for belonging, experiencing something extraordinary, the need for vision and spiritual resting on mystery. It is mostly young people who are recruited to sects, they are lost, going through the crisis of faith and the sects offer them understanding and common experiences. To enhance their influence, sects deal with political and charitable activity, arms trade, drugs; they are also involved in terrorist activities. Using indoctrination, they pose a threat to the family, the society and the institutions of the state, while the lack of clear definitions, ‘religious freedom’ and the liberal law favour sects’ development, whose activity only deepens the secularization of life and leads to the increase of pathology in the contemporary world.
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