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Wybrane przepisy kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego jako źródła obowiązku gwaranta

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Kucwaj M.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

2010

vol. LXXXII (82)

125-148

Polish legislator in the 2nd article of the Polish Penal Code, introduced the establishment which is called institution of the guarantor. This function is legal basis to punish for consequences of somebody’s omission. Generally, failure in act does not attract criminal liability but statute intervenes to create offences of omission. By extension, the criminality of certain omissions may be contingent on a result or outcome. For this to be the case a person needs to be under a positive duty to act. This person, who is legally obligated to discharge one’s duty, is the guarantor. This institution is based on penal liability of person who is obligated to protect some goods. To bring the guarantor to account for his omission it is necessary to find a base in a civil law. Under the Polish law there are a lot of sources of obligations, which we can connect with criminal responsibility. The most important source is situated in the Family Code, where articles 87, 95 and 96 provides that parents are legally responsible for protecting their children. They have to preserve their children from every kind of danger, including self-endargement. Failure in these duties entails penal responsibility for consequences of the guarantor’s behaviour like death or severe disability. Another source of guarantor’s penal liability in the Family Code is the 23rd article. This regulation lays a duty upon a marriage couple. A husband and a wife are obligated to help and to support each other. When one of them is in a situation of endangerment, the other one ought to render assistance. If they fail their essential duties, they will incur the criminal responsibility for their omissions. It seems that institution of guarantor is indispensible in the criminal law, because it protects weighty relationships like family ties and the most important values, like life and health. Moreover owing to enforcement to the Polish Penal Code the 2nd article, Polish criminal law coplies with golden rule: Latin maxim Nullum crimen sine lege.

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1 Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

1 Kucwaj M.

1 2010

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Wybrane przepisy kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego jako źródła obowiązku gwaranta