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1

The tax liability of the LTD’ s managers acquiring sensitive goods

100%

Bernat R.

Central European Review of Economics and Management

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2015

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vol. 15

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issue 2

321-330

EN

The rule is that the limited liability company is represented by the Board of Directors. However, the law incidentally permits members of the Executive Board to transfer its powers (by way of civil actions) to a proxy. More often managerial contracts are concluded, where a third party (outside the management) represents the company to external parties. The proxy is a special example of power of attorney. The difference between a proxy and a member of the Executive Board in terms of rights and obligations is determined by the law on commercial enterprises, and has an impact on tax law. Since 1 January 2014, a proxy can be held also liable for lack of solvency in case of turnover of sensitive goods. The company is also liable for the tax liabilities resulting from unreliable accounting of VAT by suppliers. The article discussed a range of considerations regarding the nature of the proxy, the management of the company and third party liability for obligations of the limited liability company.

PL

Regułą jest, że spółkę z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością reprezentuje zarząd. Prawo jednak dopuszcza aby członkowie zarządu swoje uprawnienia (w drodze czynności cywilnoprawnej) przenieśli na prokurenta lub pełnomocnika (występującego incydentalnie). Coraz częściej zawierane są kontrakty menadżerskie, umowy cywilne nienazwane, w których osoba trzecia (spoza zarządu) prowadzi sprawy wewnątrz przedsiębiorstwa oraz reprezentuje spółkę na zewnątrz. Prokura stanowi przykład szczególnego pełnomocnictwa; różnice pomiędzy prokurentem a członkiem zarządu w zakresie praw i obowiązków wynikających z prawa spółek handlowych mają swoje przełożenie na prawo podatkowe. Od 1 stycznia 2014 roku wspomniane osoby mogą zostać pociągnięte do odpowiedzialności w przypadku braku wypłacalności spółki odpowiedzialnej solidarnie (wraz z zbywcą) za obrót towarami wrażliwymi. Spółka odpowiada solidarnie za zobowiązania podatkowe powstałe w wyniku nierzetelnego rozliczania się z VAT dostawcy towarów. Publikacja obejmuje swoim zakresem rozważania dotyczące charakteru prokury, zarządzania spółką oraz odpowiedzialności osób trzecich za zobowiązania sp. z o.o.

2

Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 30 kwietnia 2015 r., I FZ 72/15. Przyznanie prawa pomocy w kontekście sytuacji materialnej podatnika

100%

Bernat R.

Studia Iuridica

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2016

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vol. 66

9-15

PL

In connect judgement, the Supreme Administrative Court granted right, a taxable person who has been refused the right of assistance thus also possibility of defending their position on the complaints about the decision of the tax authority concerning the multimillion tax liability. The Court of second instance states that the Provincial Administrative Court in assessing the reasons justifing the application of the law should help carry out simulations of the effects of incurring expenses related to legal entry to the assets of the taxable person and the people with him in the household. In addition, the Supreme Court stresses that in determining the value of the assets of the taxpayer must be taken into account only the assets – without excercising a taxable person claims and obligations. According to the author the vote decision is an example of a rational approach to the issue of the right of assistance in the case of taxable persons whose entire property subject to execution. It is essential that the courts processed the applications for the grant of the right in the help i.a. in the context of the possibility of payment of legal entry and real estate has the taxpayer. In the case entry of the Court is 100 000 PLN (maximum) and every taxable person whose tax liability would amount to tens of millions of zloty wouldn’t be able to pay such costs. This may not however prevent the implementation of the right to go to court against such taxpayer.

3

Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 30 kwietnia 2015 r., I FZ 72/15. Przyznanie prawa pomocy w kontekście sytuacji materialnej podatnika

100%

Bernat R.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 66

9-15

PL

In connect judgement, the Supreme Administrative Court granted right, a taxable person who has been refused the right of assistance thus also possibility of defending their position on the complaints about the decision of the tax authority concerning the multimillion tax liability. The Court of second instance states that the Provincial Administrative Court in assessing the reasons justifing the application of the law should help carry out simulations of the effects of incurring expenses related to legal entry to the assets of the taxable person and the people with him in the household. In addition, the Supreme Court stresses that in determining the value of the assets of the taxpayer must be taken into account only the assets – without excercising a taxable person claims and obligations. According to the author the vote decision is an example of a rational approach to the issue of the right of assistance in the case of taxable persons whose entire property subject to execution. It is essential that the courts processed the applications for the grant of the right in the help i.a. in the context of the possibility of payment of legal entry and real estate has the taxpayer. In the case entry of the Court is 100 000 PLN (maximum) and every taxable person whose tax liability would amount to tens of millions of zloty wouldn’t be able to pay such costs. This may not however prevent the implementation of the right to go to court against such taxpayer.

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3 Bernat R.

The tax liability of the LTD’ s managers acquiring sensitive goods

Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 30 kwietnia 2015 r., I FZ 72/15. Przyznanie prawa pomocy w kontekście sytuacji materialnej podatnika

Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 30 kwietnia 2015 r., I FZ 72/15. Przyznanie prawa pomocy w kontekście sytuacji materialnej podatnika