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Pojem „společenská soudržnost“ v názorech veřejného mínění a hodnotové postoje k uspořádání společenských vztahů

100%
Safr J.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
|
2008
|
vol. 6
|
issue 2
EN
The article pursues how the concept of 'social cohesion' is understood by the Czech public. Firstly, the respondents predominantly do not know the concept; in addition spontaneous answers to the open-ended questions show that different meanings are associated with this concept. The second part analyses the battery of statements 'what creates a cohesive society'. Three latent dimensions were identified: values of reciprocity and equality, collective identity and European liberalism. We can consider them general value orientations to arrangement of social relations. Only the first dimension is very weakly linked with the position in society. Correlations with political orientations and preferences, albeit weak, corroborate two-dimensionality of political values of the Czech population. In general, we can find two basic meaning spheres in public opinion, how should be achieved a cohesive society: consensus (a unity of values, common goals) and 'functional interpersonal relations' (social justice, solidarity, mutual assistance, decency and confidence).
2
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Poziční generátor a měření sociálního kapitálu v egocentrické síti

100%
Safr J.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
|
2009
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
211-240
EN
The Position Generator (PG) represents one method of measuring egocentric social networks, and key facets of social capital. Respondents are asked if they know a person from a list of jobs that have different social status. The Social Distance Survey (2007) fielded a Czech version of the PG which examined 18 jobs and investigated the strength and duration of ties, and gender of contacts. In this article, we first compare distributions obtained from the PG with the same occupations in population (egos) and from the name generator. Second, measures of social capital were computed. These include extensity, upper reachability, range and an aggregate index called 'Access Social Capital.' There are also estimates of lower reachability, mean and total status in a network. In addition, new measures are introduced such as (a) 'average status combined with status range' which reflects the 'double advantage in networks”, (b) gender and strength of tie diversity, (c) relative measures of gender/ status congruence, and (d) inductive scales measuring access to high and low status professions. Validity of selected social capital measures is assessed using regression models that are operationalised with key socio-demographic variables, and indicators that measure the ethnic and educational diversity within ego networks. These models reveal that differences in the stock of social capital are primarily influenced by education, ISEI (an occupation status), and employment status. The most important relation is in between an ego's status and a mean network ISEI score, upper reachability, and their interaction. This finding implies that these network measures best capture the concept of hierarchically ordered social resources. The validity of the PG is also assessed using a correlation analysis of the effects or outputs of the social network, i.e. income, job mobility, social trust, life satisfaction, and tolerance of ethnic groups. The article concludes with a comparison with other egocentric social network techniques and recommendations for further work.
3
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Subjektivní sociální distance k profesím: existují v české společnosti

63%
Safr J., Haeuberer J.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
|
2008
|
vol. 6
|
issue 1
28-38
EN
Using the concept of subjective social distance we focus on perceptions of occupational categories. First, the theoretical concept of social distance is introduced as a tool for measuring social stratification. Second, subjective hypothetical interactional distances to 22 occupational stimuli are analyzed with data from the Social Distances 2007 survey. People rate the stimuli hierarchically analogous to occupational prestige and socioeconomic status; however some minor divergence can be detected. Further we focus on differences among gender and members of self identified social classes. The main part assesses the hypothesis of the existence of subjective social class boundaries. The status-continuum is shared by the whole public, yet we can identify mental categorization patterns of professional groupings which draw an intense boundary between white and blue collar professions. Further, four groupings regarded as subjective social class can be identified: higher professionals, female lower professionals, qualified and semi-qualified manual and non-manual workers, and unqualified manual professions with low prestige.
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