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Nález nejstarších funkčních měchů v České republice

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Koukal P.
Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music
|
2018
|
issue 1
83-93
EN
During the restoration of the baroque organ of the St. Barbara church in Manětín (built in 1721 by the organ builder Leopold Spiegel from Prague) one unexpected discovery was done: the two preserved wedge bellows are much older. After the dismantling, the old inscriptions appeared, being located on the inner sides of the top boards. The set of original pencil records is found in the right bellows. The earliest of them tells that the bellows were made already in 1530. Following original writings inform about the repairs – 1584 by Sebastian Hoffer, 1656 by Hieronymus Artmann and 1666 by Mathias Köhler and Hans Heinrich Mundt. In the second bellows, the glued paper sheet bears the report from 1666 recapitulating and partly widening the original inscriptions. Just the latest description on the repair realised in 1666, written probably by Matheus Köhler, brings the information about the location of the bellows – they were among the four of them placed at the organ in the Augustinian Church of St. Thomas in Prague. The name of Sebastian Hoffer seems to be quite new in the Czech or foreign organological writings. Other names of the organ builders are more or less known including the best renowned Hans Heinrich Mundt (the builder of the Týn Church organ). Nevertheless, all the newly discovered information required some critical analysis. Its results call the Prague´s St. Thomas attribution of the bellows origin in question and also brings new information on some of the said organ builders. The finding in the Manětín bellows belongs to those unexpected and lucky ones. From now on we know a new name of the organ builder Sebastian Hoffer from the 16th C. The existence of the two renaissance wedge-bellows from 1530 in Manětín is also surprising. They represent the oldest working part of any pipe-organ in the Czech Republic.
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K historii varhan konkatedrály Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Opavě

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Koukal P.
Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music
|
2019
|
issue 2
41-49
EN
The town of Opava as an administrative and power center of Opava Silesia used to be a city of many churches. The most important was the parish church, today the con-cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, since the Middle Ages administered by the Deutschritterorden. The earliest evidence of the existence of the organ is a report from 1506. More detailed, but still incomplete data appear in connection with a major reconstruction of an apparently older instrument, which was performed 1620 by the organbuilder Stanislav Bartodějský. His contract has been preserved, but neither the specification nor the origin of the organ is mentioned. We only know that it was a three-manual instrument at that time, with at least 10 registers in the Great, at least 10 registers in the Rückpositiv, and at least 9 registers in the Pedal. The next chapter of organ history of this church is connected with the names of the Opava organ-maker family of the Ryšáks (Rischak). Its founder was Jakub Ryšák. In the last third of the 17th century he transferred a large organ on the western organ loft. We have more information about that instrument from 1708 when it was rebuilt by Jakub's son Ignác Ryšák. Before its repair, the organ had 11 stops in the Great, 7 stops in the Ruck-positive and 8 stops in the Pedal. The tonal compass of manuals began with the tone F. After rebuilding, there were a total of 25 registers with the manual compass from C. The tin Principal 16' remained in the pedal. Further repairs were made after Ignac´s death by his widow Christina and her second husband Wenzel Thiel. This information brings new knowledge not only about organbuilding activities and opinions in the area of Opava Silesia at that time; that also shows us the everyday life and worries of organ-makers, including the rare case of one baroque organbuilder-woman.
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