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IRENA POKRZYWNICKA: HER LIFE AND WORKS

100%
|
2007
|
vol. 69
|
issue 3-4
283-312
EN
Irena Pokrzywnicka is an almost completely forgotten artist. Most of her works were destroyed during the second world war. The most information published about her in Polish sources is to be found an the exhibition catalogue from the National Museum, Warsaw. Daughter of estate owners Stanislawa and Wladyslaw Pokrzywnicki, Irena Pokrzywnicka-Borowska was born in Wola Zagórska. From 1914 she began presenting her works to the Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts (TZSP) in Warsaw. During the first world war, she began studying in Moscow, later studying empirically ancient and exotic art in the great museums of Paris and Rome. After 1918, she began creating embroidered works of silk. In 1922 she became a member of the Polish Artists' Association 'Rytm'. From 1925 to 1930 new forms of expression appear connected with the artist's stay in Paris (1928-9), as well as changes in the 'Rytm', subsequently producing work for the popular journals 'Swiat', 'Tygodnik Ilustrowany' and 'Pani'. The work she produced for the Woven Fabrics Section in 'Fashion and Decorated Interiors' for the Polish Pavilion at the New York World Exhibition of 1939 brought her unprecedented success. She spent the occupation period in Poland, took part in the Warsaw Uprising to live in Paris and ultimately London, where she lived until her death on 21st September 1975.
EN
The main aim of this paper is to assess the current food situation in the regions with under-nourishment problem and to determine the agricultural sector's role in the shaping of this situation. Some factors influencing food security and their acting power were discussed. The latest FAO data were used in the analysis.
EN
'Bojary' may be seen merely as one of the several neighborhoods that Bialystok is divided into. However, there are certain features that prove the uniqueness of that place, such as rustic style of buildings, localisation near the city centre and the local history. Despite the public declaration that the original style of the neighborhood should be protected, since 1990s 'Bojary' has undergone numerous changes, including new buildings development. These factors provoked a public debate on the image and future of Bialystok, which inspired us to conduct a series of interviews with the inhabitants of the neighborhood. Following our impressions and knowledge obtained mainly from observation and press materials, we were able to formulate hypotheses regarding the type of community present in 'Bojary', and its struggles to prevent irreversible changes. The interviews were conducted in July 2005. We focused on seven streets, where most of the original buildings are preserved. Firstly, we were interested in the way the inhabitants of the neighborhood perceive their place of living. Secondly, our aim was to test the hypothesis that they share the characteristics of the type of community described by Ferdynand Tönnies as 'Gemeinshaft'. Next, we asked them to express their opinion about the neighbors from recently built houses and apartment blocks. What is more, we wanted to know how the inhabitants of 'Bojary' consider the actions taken by the local authorities towards the protection of this area. Finally, we inquired our respondents whether they support the idea of creating there a form of environmental and cultural reserve, whose main aspect would be the prevention of the oldest buildings.
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