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EN
“Material catastrophe” in the memories of three women – members of the Polish aristocracy and landed gentry from the Polish Eastern BorderlandsHistory has treated cruelly the families of landed gentry and aristocracy who lived in the Polish Eastern Borderland – the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic (Kresy). This essay focuses on memories of women, members of the Polish aristocracy and landed gentry from the kresy, published in the following books: “We and Our Homes” (My i nasze Siedliska) by Matylda née Windisch-Graetz Sapieżyna, “Times, Places, People. Memories from the Eastern Borderlands, 1893-1946” (Czasy, miejsca, ludzie. Wspomnienia z Kresów Wschodnich 1893-1946) by Helena née Jaczynowska Rothowa, and ”My Life, My Times” (Moje życie, mój czas) by Maria née Zdziechowska Sapieżyna. Their memories are not a full historical picture including the complex political and historic context, instead they concentrate on the precise fates of their families in the kresy (though their presence there was called, not without a reason, a kind of ‘colonization’). The three authoresses present themselves as victims of great politics and changes happening beyond their control. Thus, these three (auto)biographical narrations enter the canon of literature about the eastern frontier and correspond with the canon of ‘the esthetics of loss.’ the analysis demonstrates that in all the books under consideration particular attention has been devoted to the material sphere of everyday life because the female biographers wanted to describe their world in the Kresy in detail and at the same time show how much they had lost.
EN
History has treated cruelly the families of landed gentry and aristocracy who lived in the Polish Eastern Borderland – the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic (Kresy). This essay focuses on memories of women, members of the Polish aristocracy and landed gentry from the ¬Kresy, published in the following books: “We and Our Homes” (My i nasze Siedliska) by Matylda née Windisch-Graetz Sapieżyna, “Times, Places, People. Memories from the Eastern Borderlands, 1893-1946” (Czasy, miejsca, ludzie. Wspomnienia z Kresów Wschodnich 1893-1946) by Helena née Jaczynowska Rothowa, and ”My Life, My Times” (Moje życie, mój czas) by Maria née Zdziechowska Sapieżyna. Their memories are not a full historical picture including the complex political and historic context, instead they concentrate on the precise fates of their families in the Kresy (though their presence there was called, not without a reason, a kind of ‘colonization’). The three authoresses present themselves as victims of great politics and changes happening beyond their control. Thus, these three (auto)biographical narrations enter the canon of literature about the eastern frontier and correspond with the canon of ‘the esthetics of loss.’ The analysis demonstrates that in all the books under consideration particular attention has been devoted to the material sphere of everyday life because the female biographers wanted to describe their world in the Kresy in detail and at the same time show how much they had lost.
EN
Being sensitive to human misery and suffering, Józef Czapski in many respects experienced a loss at various moments of his long life (1896-1993). Czapski was an individual painter who worked alone, keeping away from painters’ schools. He was interested in the problem of depicting other people’s pain. Czapski devised his own visual tactic, always associated with tact and “good perspective”. The artist avoided painting religious pictures and the two which he left behind are not his original visions but copies of the oeuvre created by others. The picture “D’apres Rouault” (1982) shows Christ Mocked. The second painting, “St. John the Baptist” (1997) was inspired by Fra Angelico. A characteristic feature of Czapski’s works is asceticism: moderate means of artistic expression, limited details and the focus on colour.
EN
Michał Głowiński is the author of autobiographical series including: Czarne sezony, Magdalenka z razowego chleba, Kładka nad czasem, Historia jednej topoli  and Kręgi obcości. His works may be analysed in a number of different ways. One of them is to take a view of middle-class values, frequently presented in his autobiographical stories. As Głowiński writes, he comes from a middle-class Jewish family and his grandparents were merchants, the ones in Victorian middle-class style. Głowiński’s stories contribute greatly to a literary documentation of those forever lost people and times; those real ‘old-fashioned townspeople’.
PL
Michał Głowiński is the author of autobiographical series including: Czarne sezony, Magdalenka z razowego chleba, Kładka nad czasem, Historia jednej topoli  and Kręgi obcości. His works may be analysed in a number of different ways. One of them is to take a view of middle-class values, frequently presented in his autobiographical stories. As Głowiński writes, he comes from a middle-class Jewish family and his grandparents were merchants, the ones in Victorian middle-class style. Głowiński’s stories contribute greatly to a literary documentation of those forever lost people and times; those real ‘old-fashioned townspeople’.
EN
Source literature uses the term pathography to define a text about suffering and illness written from a patient’s perspective. There are three purposes of pathographies: they allow their authors to make their lives more coherent, i.e. continuous and meaningful, they help them understand what their bodies experienced during illness, and they make them discover how to stimulate the body to deal with its effects. There is a specific type of pathographies written by stroke survivors. The effects of a stroke include paresis of the body and aphasia which never fully disappear. Patients talk of the loss of previous identity or a transformation caused by the illness.
EN
In the essay “Ha(e)ndels passages” the slogans of the Poznań Philharmonic were analyzed. The research had two aims. The first goal was to verify whether the advertisings texts, inducing people to the participation in musical events, really differ from the typical commercial advertising. The second aim consisted in the examination if the language of the slogan determines its autonomy and peculiarity. The review of slogans proved that their authors use various communication and language games. Slogans of the Poznań Philharmonic are inventive and intriguing. Cultural organizations are obliged to pay attention to the language of advertisings texts. In promotional campaigns they must not go beyond standards and descend into the level of pop culture.
PL
Pina, a fi lm (2011) directed by Wim Wenders, falls outside any simple genre classifi cation. It may be treated as a documentary only, but it can also be regarded as an artistic fi lm because it talks about artists – dancers from the Tanztheater in Wuppertal (Germany) and their choreographies. Wenders uses artistic means of expression in the montage of scenes and particular takes. A three-dimensional technique allows him to enter the world of dance and show its beauty as well as the physicality of dancers. Wenders ncludes four Pina Bausch’s choreographies in the fi lm: Frühlingsopfer, Café Müller, Kontakthof,and Vollmond. The main themes of the fi lm are death, loss and loneliness, which also appear in all Pina Bausch’s choreographies. Work on the fi lm was a kind of “going through mourning”, both for the director and the dancers.
EN
The film 33 Scenes from the Life by Małgorzata Szumowska (2008) is an autobiographical film, inspired by real incidents which happened in her life – the almost simultaneous death of her mother (a writer Dorota Terakowska) and father (a documentary film-maker Maciej Szumowski). It was preceded by a documentary film A czego się tu bać? (What to be afraid of?) (2006), which showed the attitude of the rural community to the problem of death and the deceased. In the film 33 Scenes another kind of experience of death and mourning is represented. It is the urban and atheistic version, a mockery of the rituals connected with the death (the anointing of the sick and a funeral). Their disparity is determined not only by their religious versus atheistic character, but also, most importantly, the language. In 33 Scenes the idiolect of the Cracovian intelligentsia is used, with numerous vulgarisms, whereas in the documentary film A czego tu się bać? − the village idiolect with references to religious language. The aim of my essay is the analysis of the film language and the language in the film.
PL
33 sceny z życia to film autobiograficzny Małgorzaty Szumowskiej (2008), inspirowany prawdziwymi wydarzeniami z jej życia – niemal jednoczesną śmiercią matki (pisarki Doroty Terakowskiej) i ojca (dokumentalisty Macieja Szumowskiego). Poprzedził go film dokumentalny A czego tu się bać? (2006), który ukazał stosunek społeczności wiejskiej do problemu śmierci i zmarłych. W filmie 33 sceny z życia przedstawiono inny rodzaj doświadczania śmierci i żałoby. Była to wersja miejska i ateistyczna, kpina z rytuałów związanych ze śmiercią (namaszczenia chorych i pogrzebu). Ich rozbieżność określa nie tylko ateistyczny charakter religijnych rytuałów, ale także, co najważniejsze, język. W 33 scenach posługiwano się idiolektami przedstawicieli krakowskiej inteligencji, z licznymi wulgaryzmami, podczas gdy w filmie dokumentalnym A czego tu się bać? – dialektem wiejskim z odniesieniami do języka religijnego. Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest analiza języka filmu i języka w filmie.
EN
Homo medicus as opposed to Homo patiens, the perspective of a physician will always be different from that of a patient. Modern medicine suffers from a major condition – ignoring the patient as a person. It may be remedied by narrative medicine which pays attention to humanistic aspects of a disease and to patient narratives of illness as a possibility to obtain invaluable information that is typically overlooked in a traditional medical history. Empathy and attentive listening play an important role here. Pathography, or patient accounts of their illnesses, may serve as a perfect complement to the practice and programmes of narrative medicine.
PL
In the essay ‘… przez Wierzenicę będę jechał, a nigdy przez Wiedeń’ a new tourist track has been described. The track includes 12 antique wooden churches of Puszcza Zielonka (the Green Wilderness) in the Wielkopolska Province. The project has been funded by the Integrated Regional Operational Programme. The unquestionable pearl on the new track is the St. Nicolas Church in Wierzenica regarded as one of the oldest churches in the Wielkopolska region. There are a lot of valuable pieces of fine arts there donated by Cieszkowski Family. The Poznan Archdiocese’s Archives set the church as a good pattern to be followed for it keeps on renovating and redecorating its relics. Przemysław Kompf, the parish-priest of the church, is considered to be a really good organizer and an animator for social and cultural life in the area.
Porównania
|
2012
|
vol. 11
167-182
PL
Głównym tematem twórczości Janusza Szubera są związki z Ziemią Sanocką, będącą onegdaj tyglem kultury polskiej, żydowskiej, rusińskiej, w mniejszej części – niemieckiej i włoskiej. Poeta występuje w roli „archiwariusza zabitego miasteczka”, tropi ślady przeszłości (głównie literackiej), przypomina dawne obyczaje ludowe i leksykę, kontempluje ikony, pisze o synkretyzmie religijnym i „świętych obcowaniu”. Choroba uniemożliwiła mu wędrówki po Bieszczadach. W wierszach przywołuje je z pamięci, posiłkuje się literaturą i mapami. Osobnym wątkiem, wartym jednak wspomnienia, jest towarzyszenie Ryszardowi Schrammowi w nostalgicznej „prywatnej podróży pamięci”. Szubera i Schramma połączyła tęsknota za Ziemią, którą uznali za swoją. Kluczem interpretacyjnym do ich tekstów może być geopoetyka i nostalgia.
Forum Oświatowe
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2014
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vol. 26
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issue 1(51)
61-77
EN
Andrzej Wajda has often taken up the topic of loneliness. In the screen adaptation of “Tatarak” (2009) he showed the loneliness of a married couple in the face of death and serious illness. The director used two stories: “Tatarak” by J. Iwaszkiewicz and “The sudden call” by S. Marai. The most important plot of the film is the private confession of the actress Krystyna Janda, who had recently lost her husband. In the analysis of the film by Wajda the philosophical concept mimesis may be used. Paul Ricoeur in “Time and Narration” claims that mimesis is not a homogeneous category and distinguishes three variations of it. Behind the three types of mimesis of “Tatarak,” lie different meanings of loneliness. In mimesis III two worlds overlap: the world of the artist and the world of the audience. Janda’s narration leads to an active understanding of what the experience of loss and loneliness is and crystallizes it. The story about loss and loneliness is also a form of therapy for her.
PL
Andrzej Wajda często podejmował w swoich filmach temat samotności. W ekranizacji Tataraku (2009) pokazał samotność małżonków w obliczu choroby i śmierci. Reżyser wykorzystał dwa opowiadania: Tatarak Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza i Nagłe wezwanie Sándora Máraiego. Najważniejszy wątek filmowy stanowi prywatne wyznanie aktorki Krystyny Jandy, która niedawno straciła męża. W analizie filmu Wajdy można posłużyć się pojęciem mimesis. Paul Ricoeur w „Czasie i opowieści” przekonuje, że mimesis nie jest kategorią jednorodną, wyróżnia jej trzy odmiany. W trzech mimesis Tataraku kryją się różne znaczenia samotności. W mimesis III krzyżują się dwa światy: świat twórcy i świat odbiorcy. Narracja Jandy prowadzi do czynnego rozumienia, czym jest doświadczenie utraty i samotności, jest jego konkretyzacją. Opowiadanie o utracie i samotności jest dla niej także formą terapii.
EN
Long Litt Woon is a socioanthropologist and writer born in Malaysia and living in Norway since 1976. In 2017, she published a book titled The Way Through The Woods. On Mushrooms and Mourning. She wrote it after the death of her husband, Eiolf Olsen. The book represents narratives of grief, the authors of which seek consolation in nature. For Long Litt Woon, mushrooms have not only been a symbol of bereavement. The newly-discovered passion gave the young widow a reason to live. In her book, two threads intertwine: the mycological one (description of the Fungi kingdom and of the mushroom-picking community) and the one related to mourning (description of a severe trial affecting the physical, mental, and emotional sphere). The socioanthropological and mycotherapeutic perspective is unique, and it distinguishes Long Litt Woon’s narrative from other bereavement-related autobiographies.
PL
Long Litt Woon jest socjoantropolożką i pisarką, urodzoną w Malezji, ale od 1976 roku mieszkającą w Norwegii. W 2017 roku wydała książkę Powrót do życia. O żałobie i grzybach. Napisała ją po śmierci męża, Eiolfa Olsena. Książka ta zalicza się do nurtu narracji żałobnych, których autorzy poszukują ukojenia na łonie natury. W wypadku Long Litt Woon grzyby nie pozostały jedynie symbolem żałoby. Nowo odkryta pasja grzybiarska dała młodej wdowie powód do życia. W jej książce koegzystują dwa wątki: mykologiczny (opis królestwa Fungi i środowiska grzybiarzy) oraz żałobny (opis ciężkiej próby dotykającej sfery fizycznej, mentalnej, emocjonalnej). Perspektywa socjoantropologiczna i mykoterapeutyczna jest unikalna i odróżnia narrację Long Litt Woon od innych autobiografii o żałobie.
EN
Christians feel that they should not be indifferent to war, and that it is their duty to react to harm, particularly done to civilians. Catholics expect their greatest authority, the Pope, to have a firm say about war and peace. May people, however, have had the impression that Pope Francis is erratic and assesses the situation in a wrong way. Although he follows the beaten track paved by the Church’s social science and Vatican diplomacy, some of his statements (and things left unsaid) caused and still are causing controversy. The article attempts at understanding the position of Pope Francis. It analyses his utterances regarding war, taken from sources such as the book titled Against War, speeches and social media (Twitter).
PL
Rynek kultury jest faktem zarówno społecznym, jak i ekonomicznym. Występuje na nim wymiana dóbr i usług, rządzi nim prawo popytu i podaży. Wszystkie te kategorie mają jednak swoje specyficzne odrębności, dlatego też rynek kultury jest rynkiem o szczególnym charakterze i cechach wyjątkowych. Występuje na nim wielość podmiotów zarówno po stronie podaży, jak i popytu, co wpływa na ich wzajemne relacje oraz różnorodność oferowanych produktów i usług.
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