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Attention-driven bias for threat-related stimuli in implicit memory. Preliminary results from the Posner cueing paradigm

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Traczyk J., Matusz P. J., Sobków A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2010
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vol. 41
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issue 4
163-171
EN
An implicit memory advantage for angry faces was investigated in this experiment by means of an additional cueing task. Participants were to assess the orientation of a triangle's peak, which side of presentation was cued informatively by angry and neutral face stimuli, after which they immediately completed an unexpected “old-new” task on a set of the previously presented faces and new, distractor-faces. Surprisingly, the RTs were similarly long on the invalid trials for angry and neutral facial cues in the Posner task. However, performance on the “old-new” task was better for angry than neutral faces. A strong correlation between RTs in angry-invalid trials and confidence ratings for these angry faces was observed only in highly reactive participants. These results suggest that presentation of threatening material can induce enhanced incidental encoding which can result in stronger familiarity for such material, and this effect is driven by attentional bias in highly reactive individuals.
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Kwestionariusz Potrzeby Poznania – konstrukcja i weryfikacja empiryczna narzędzia mierzącego motywację poznawczą

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Matusz P. J., Traczyk J., Gąsiorowska A.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 2(17)
113-128
EN
Four studies were conducted to create a Polish adaptation of the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo i Petty, 1982) – a scale measuring need for cognition, defined as a tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive tasks. Kwestionariusz Potrzeby Poznania (KPP) was constructed as an experimental tool – designed to use in experimental studies to effectively control the need for cognition in a population in which its average level is elevated, i.e. in students. A single-factor structure was shown by confirmatory factorial analysis carried out on data from two different samples (Study 1b and 1c). Further studies confirmed the reliability (Study 2) and the validity of KPP. Specifically, students scored lower on KPP than academic workers. Moreover, there was a positive relation between need for cognition and openness, conscientiousness, and decisiveness. A negative relation with close-mindedness and no relation with social desirability were also observed (Study 3). Most importantly, Study 4 showed that the constructed scale is effective in predicting behaviour in an anagram solving task (average time spent solving the task), based on the KPP score.
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