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Neue Regelungen über den Grundstücksverkehr in Polen – Rückkehr in die Vergangenheit?

100%
Blajer P.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
|
2016
|
issue 1 (18)
65-79
EN
The deliberations presented in this paper lead to an answer to the question of how the regulations included in the Act on the Shaping of the Agricultural System and in the Act on Forests, both amended on 30 April of 2016, correlate with the regulations of the transactions in agricultural property applicable in Poland before 1990. In this context, a few crucial notions been scrutinised in detail such as: ‘an agricultural property’, ‘the purchase of an agricultural property’ or ‘an individual farmer’. The paper refers also to the pre-emption rights and the purchase rights due to the Agricultural Property Agency operating on behalf of the State of Treasury. Indispensable as they were, the paper also explained new regulations referring to the transactions of the sale of forest land and the amendments to the regulations of the sale of state agricultural property. As a final statement, the author claims that in 2016 the Polish legislator returned to the controlled system of transactions in agricultural and forest property which existed before the systemic transformation of 1989, and has merely modernised it and updated to the current demands.
IT
Le considerazioni tendono a rispondere alla domanda in quale misura le regolazioni con-tenute nelle leggi, con le modifiche del 30 aprile 2016, sull’ordinamento agrario e sui boschi si riferiscano strettamente al modello della compravendita di fondi agricoli regolamentato e in vigore in Polonia prima del 1990. In questo contesto ad un’analisi dettagliata sono stati sottoposti i seguenti concetti: “fondo agricolo”, “acquisto di fondo agricolo”, “agricoltore individuale”. L’articolo contiene inoltre qualche riflessione sull’importanza del diritto di prelazione e del diritto di acquisto che spettano all’Agenzia fondiaria agricola la quale opera per conto del Tesoro di Stato. Nella misura necessaria sono state discusse anche le nuove regole relative alla compravendita dei fondi boschivi nonché i cambiamenti nella regolazione giuridica nell’ambito della vendita di fondi agricoli statali. Nella parte conclusiva è stata formulata la tesi che in realtà nell’anno 2016 il legislatore polacco è ritornato al metodo di regolazione della compravendita di fondi agricoli e boschivi praticato prima della trasformazione dello Stato avvenuta nel 1989, con tutti gli ammodernamenti e adattamenti necessari alle esigenze dei tempi moderni.
2

Współczesny kształt hiszpańskiego Registro de la Propiedad

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Blajer P.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
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2016
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vol. 25
|
issue 3
591-652
EN
The article contains a detailed presentation of the current form of the Spanish land registration system in Spain, taking into account both its organization and substantive rules. In the first part of the article, the Author describes structure and organization of Spanish land register – so called Registro de la Propiedad. Here, the mechanics of recordation shall be discussed, i.e. methods and sufficiency of land description within the Spanish land registration system, methods of recording, indexing and retrieving information, as well as competences, powers and qualifications of recording officers. In this part of the article, the Author describes the historical attempts to digitalize Spanish land register and the current state of their computerization The second part of the paper is devoted to the substantive rules governing land registration in Spain, taking into account the character of titles (titulos) suitable to registration, its declarative effect and the presumptions as well as the public faith principle connected with the registration. Finally, in the last part of the article, the Author tries to indicate the influence of the Spanish Registro de la Propiedad system on land registration methods adopted in selected Latin American countries.
3

Amerykańskie „księgi wieczyste” - współczesny kształt systemu deeds recordation w USA

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Blajer P.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 2
285-358
EN
The article contains a detailed presentation of the current form of deeds recordation system in the United States, taking into account both its organization and substantive rules. In the first part of the article, the Author describes structure and organization of American land records. Here, the mechanics of recordation shall be discussed, i.e. methods and sufficiency of land descriptions within the American deeds recordation system, methods of recording, storing, indexing and retrieving information, as well as competences, powers and qualifications of recording officers. The second part of the paper is devoted to the substantive rules governing land recordation in the USA, taking into account the character of documents suitable to recordation, its purely declarative effect and the general lack of public faith of land records. In the third part of the article, the Author tries to characterize American land records as the “private records” i.e. indicate private entities and institutions engaged in the current activity of land records, such as abstractors and title searchers, surveyors and title insurance companies. Finally, in the last part of the article, the Author describes the historical attempts to digitalize Amercican land records and the current state of their computerization.
4
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Gospodarstwa rodzinne w USA – status, znaczenie i aktualne problemy

100%
Blajer P.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2014
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vol. 12
97-119
EN
The article discusses a wide range of issues concerning an American conception of the family farm, taking into account its historical genesis and current approach of US institutions and American doctrine. In this context, the author aims to verify traditional argument, that family farms constitute the basis of American agriculture. An attempt to achieve above-mentioned purpose of the paper affects strongly its construction. In the first part of the article, the Author describes American notion of the “family farm” and its numerous definitions within US state and federal law, as well as doctrinal statements. The second part of the paper is devoted to the importance of small family farms to the American economy and to the role, which these units actually play in the American agriculture. Furthermore, the Author makes an attempt to indicate the most important problems that currently face small family farms in the US. Finally, in the last part of the article, the Author tries to describe the methods of family farms support, which is provided by different public entities – first of all United States Department of Agriculture, but also state legislatures and court jurisdiction (case-law).
5
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Z historii ksiąg gruntowych (Grundbücher)

100%
Blajer P.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2015
|
issue 2(17)
65-110
EN
In the article the Author makes an attempt to describe – in a broad historical perspective – the genesis and evolution of the German system of “ground book” (Grundbuch) as an instrument of registration of interests to land. The above-mentioned aim of the article affects its composition and its division into particular chapters. In the first chapter the earliest traditions of Germanic tribal laws were described, taking into account the essential means of land transfer publicization of those regulations, namely: Sala, Gewere and Auflassung. In the second chapter the Author discusses the genesis of the first “ground books” in the German medieval cities. The third chapter focuses on the basic land interests publicization systems operating in Germany in the modern period, i.e. following the reception of Roman law which strongly impeded the development of land registries in Germany. In the fourth chapter the current model of German Grundbuch was described, beginning from the 19th century codification until the present day problems, such as digitalization of land register and its future perspectives. In the fifth chapter the Author discusses the evolution of land registries in Austria and Switzerland. In the final remarks the Author makes an attempt to characterize the influence of the German system on the Polish regulations governing land registration and to formulate conclusions concerning the possible use of German rules in order to improve the Polish land registration system.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie rozwoju systemu ksiąg gruntowych przy uwzględnieniu szerokiej perspektywy historycznej. Realizacji tego celu służyć ma przyjęta systematyka pracy i jej podział na poszczególne rozdziały. W pierwszym rozdziale uwzględniono najwcześniejsze tradycje germańskich praw szczepowych, skupiając się na analizie kluczowych dla ówczesnego systemu publicyzacji obrotu nieruchomościami pojęć: Sala, Gewere i Auflassung. W rozdziale drugim poruszono kwestię genezy pierwszych ksiąg gruntowych w miastach niemieckich okresu średniowiecza. Rozdział trzeci dotyczy podstawowych systemów publicyzacji praw do nieruchomości funkcjonujących w Niemczech w okresie nowożytnym, tj. po recepcji prawa rzymskiego, która zahamowała rozwój instytucji ksiąg gruntowych. Rozdział czwarty poświęcony został współczesnemu modelowi niemieckich ksiąg gruntowych, począwszy od kodyfikacji schyłku XIX wieku, a skończywszy na aktualnej problematyce komputeryzacji tego rejestru i jego perspektyw na przyszłość. W rozdziale piątym omówiono z kolei historyczny rozwój instytucji ksiąg gruntowych w Austrii i Szwajcarii. W ramach uwag końcowych scharakteryzowano wpływ, jaki system ksiąg gruntowych wywierał na regulacje obowiązujące na ziemiach polskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem unormowań obowiązujących na obszarze poszczególnych zaborów oraz rozwiązań przyjętych przez prawo zunifikowane po II wojnie światowej, jak również sformułowano wnioski de lege ferenda co do możliwości wykorzystania niektórych zasad typowych dla ksiąg gruntowych w ramach polskiego modelu ksiąg wieczystych.
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