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1

ДЕЯКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРИНЦИПІВ НАУКОВОСТІ У ВИКЛАДАННІ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН У ВНЗ

100%
Одарченко Н., Шуда І.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2015
|
issue 6(50)
255-264
EN
The article describes the main challenges, contradictions and trends of development of mathematical education at universities, namely: basic approaches of scientific principles in the teaching of mathematical disciplines and perspectives of their use in the educational process. It is stressed that mathematical disciplines in modern higher education institutions play a special role in training future professionals in industries such as information and computer technology, economics, engineering and mechanics, energy-saving technologies. Therefore, the level of mathematical preparation of students should be such as to give them an opportunity in the future to create and implement new technologies and to simulate various processes, manage the latest engineering machines. In modern conditions, the most widely used are partial search and research methods, techniques and methods, that provide the perception of information delivered through a variety of means of learning and self discovery through various learning tools. Speaking of teaching methods in modern higher education institutions, it is important to note the change in the position of a student and a teacher in the educational process. For a teacher – this is a change of monological methods of presenting information on the dialogue form of communication with students. For students – it is an increased level of autonomy in teaching and choice of content, forms and methods of training. The student is transferred to the position of whim. The analysis of the current state of the theory and practice of the content and methods of teaching mathematics in universities, leads to the conclusion that when filling lectures, seminars and practical lessons with material the teacher should consider the following important points: 1. The scientific value of the course and a scientific system of teaching. 2. The practical value of teaching, preparation for careers of students. 3. The development of technical, engineering, design thinking, different skills and abilities, creation of simple mathematical models. 4. Promote awareness by students of their place in life, as well as the importance and necessity of education in society. All this proves to the students that the mathematical disciplines that are taught in the universities determine quantitative relations and spatial forms of real world objects. In-depth knowledge of these relationships and shapes allow better understanding of their material content.
2

ПІДГОТОВКА УЧНІВ ДО ВИКОНАННЯ ТЕСТОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ З МАТЕМАТИКИ. ТЕОРІЯ І ПРАКТИКА

81%
Чашечникова О., Одарченко Н., Захарченко Н.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2016
|
issue 2(56)
440-448
XX
The use of the tests to determine the level of pupils (students) training in a particular school subject becomes widely popular in the national education system. The principles of environmental friendliness of education (according to P. V. Lushyn) aim to build a teaching and educational process so that the emphasis on regimentation and limitation of education transfers to the empowerment of capabilities of those who teach and those who learn. This article contains results of research on the dynamics of changes in pupils’ attitude to maths problem solving in the test form 1989 – to the present. The main problems encountered by the pupils (students) while performing the tests are critically analysed. Based on the results of pedagogical experiment, which are also confirmed by the psychologists, not only the level of training and skills, but also preparedness of a pupil (student) for the tests (e.g. his/her reaction speed, promptness, flexibility of thinking, dedication, efficiency, self-control, etc.) is required for a correct test solving. This means that there is a problem to conduct the test by the pupils (students) with different temperaments, with the dominance of different representative systems, because of which the pupils (students) with a sufficiently high level of maths knowledge and skills make aggravating shortcomings in the problem solving in the test form. The authors consider the problem of systematic training of the pupils (students), including psychological, to perform maths tests and, in particular, to reduce stress levels among pupils (students) during the test time. One of the methods of conducting classes with pupils (students) at the higher education institution that uses tests to assess the quality of assimilation of a learning material was proposed. Method consists of four stages (organisational, preparatory, work on the tests, results analysis and correction) and three structural levels (the first – reproductive nature problems, the second – reconstructive nature problems and the third – variable problems). The method is illustrated by the set of problems in the test form from the subject “random triangle”.
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