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Kościół katolicki w województwie białostockim wobec podziemia antykomunistycznego w latach 1945–1953

100%

Sychowicz K.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

2005

issue 2(8)

125-141

The article depicts the communist system of oppressing the Catholic Church in Poland between 1944 and 1953. In the light of certain facts it is pretty obvious that the security apparatus must have been prepared to fight the clergy from the very beginning, especially that it was known to support the underground movement. Although, the priests were not openly persecuted before 1947, individuals happened to be victimized by the UB. According to information the MBP received from the Bialostocczyzna region, after 1945 the local clergymen stayed in touch with the resistance forces: stored its weapon or archives, performed church services. The oppression of the Church intensified in 1947–1953; most of the clergies’ trials that finished in long jail sentences took place that time. In order to discredit the Church and reduce its influence the Fifth Section of the Fifth Department, founded on the 11th of January 1946 in Bialystok, was instructed to organize an internal spy ring. But while realizing the task, many difficulties were encountered. Because the neutralization of the catholic clergy was to be achieved by recruiting secret cooperators who would hinder the Church from conducting the political propaganda (as it was called), unfriendly attitude of priests to the system was really an obstacle. In this case the security apparatus failed as shows the result of the election held on the 19th of January 1947, when similarly to the referendum, priests from the region voted predominantly against the people’s democracy. In 1949 the action taken against the catholic Church was joined by the prime minister – Józef Cyrankiewicz. In his expose, on 10th of January, he declared that using pulpits to spread anti-state propaganda and supporting the underground would be punished to the full extent of the law. He also announced that those priests who would prove their patriotism would be taken in care. This activity culminated in show trials of the priests accused of cooperation with the anticommunist underground. One of the first convicted was a curate of the Barglow parish in the Augustow district, Zygmunt Poniatowski. Being kept under more and more meticulous surveillance, the clergymen became the object of increasing pressure. The goal of such an action was to break the anticommunist defiance and subordinate the priests to state authorities. However, the cooperation between the Church and the underground movement has never been broken. The article ends with one of the most famous events of that time: the case of Kazimierz “Huzar” Kamienski who went on trial in 1953 together with some priests. Victimizing the Church, however, did not stop. It lasted on in different forms and variable intensity.

Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego i jego funkcjonowanie w powojennych realiach

100%

Sychowicz K.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

2018

vol. 66

issue 2: Historia. Zeszyt specjalny

307-320

Założone w 1922 r. Towarzystwo Przyjaciół KUL (wpisane do rejestru stowarzyszeń 1 grudnia) w celu „szerzenia idei wyższych szkół katolickich i niesienia pomocy KUL” przyczyniło się do włączenia osób świeckich do pracy na rzecz utrzymania i pogłębiania kultury religijnej. Powstałe w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej Towarzystwo, skupiające początkowo przede wszystkim absolwentów, w okresie powojennym stało się jedyną organizacją społeczną o charakterze masowym wspierającą Kościół rzymskokatolicki w Polsce. Wraz z upływem czasu rosło zainteresowanie aparatu bezpieczeństwa działalnością uczelni i związanego z nią Towarzystwa. Kulminacyjnym momentem ingerencji władz komunistycznych w życie KUL-u i związanego z nim Towarzystwa stało się aresztowanie 1 kwietnia 1952 r. rektora uczelni ks. Antoniego Słomkowskiego. Organizując tygodnie kultury chrześcijańskiej, sesje i sympozja, Towarzystwo Przyjaciół KUL przyczyniało się do intelektualnego pogłębiania katolicyzmu, stanowiąc jednocześnie przeciwwagę dla brutalnej ekspansji komunizmu w Polsce. Zarówno w tym okresie, jak i później jeden z najważniejszych problemów związanych z funkcjonowaniem KUL-u stanowiły finanse. Dzięki pracy Towarzystwa przetrwał KUL najcięższe lata.

The Society of Friends of the Catholic University in Lublin was set up in 1922 ( it was added to the register of associations on 1st December, 1922) in order to propagate the ideas of catholic universities and give support to the Catholic University in Lublin. It caused that secular people were implemented to preserve and intensify the religious culture. The Society was established in the period of the II Rzeczypospolita, it was the association mainly for alumnus but in the period after the war it was the only one organisation of social nature, giving support for the Roman Catholic Church in Poland. In the meantime, the Security apparatus was showing interest of the Society and its activity. The most cumulative moment of interference the communistic authorities into Catholic University in Lublin and the association connected with it was on the 1st April 1952 when the rector of the university priest Antoni Słomkowski was arrested. Different events were organised: weeks of Christian culture, sessions and symposiums; it was done to stop the brutal expansion of communism in Poland. Meanwhile and late, the funds were the main problem connected with functioning the Catholic University in Lublin. Thanks to the working the University in Lublin was able to outlast and continue its activity.

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1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Roczniki Humanistyczne

1 2018

1 2005

2 Sychowicz K.

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Kościół katolicki w województwie białostockim wobec podziemia antykomunistycznego w latach 1945–1953

Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego i jego funkcjonowanie w powojennych realiach