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PL
Na konkretnym przykładzie sporu o pensum (klasyczny wariant „sporu o miedzę”) przedstawiam ogólny problem identycznych uprawnień dwóch równych sobie Polaków – Mariusza i Piotra – do pożądanego przez nich w równym stopniu tego samego dobra. Obu cechuje ograniczony altruizm; nie są ani aniołami, których nie kusi samolubna chęć postawienia na swoim, ani diabłami, którzy chcą niszczyć innych nawet kosztem zniszczenia samych siebie. Powstaje pytanie, czy sprawiedliwość – w warunkach przybliżonej równości ludzi, ograniczonego altruizmu i/lub samolubstwa oraz ograniczonych zasobów – jest aby w ogóle w świecie ludzkim możliwa.
EN
On the example of a workload dispute (a version of a ‘border dispute’). I present the general problem of two persons – M and P – with equal entitlements to one commodity, which is equally desired by both of them. They are both moderately altruistic; they are not angels untempted by a selfi sh willingness to get their own way, nor are they devils, who want to destroy others even if it leads to self-destruction. As human beings operating in a world of limited goods, they are so physically and intellectually feeble that neither of them is able to permanently enslave the other and submit him to the second person’s will. Such being the case, each solution to the problem means that the profit of one person is the loss of the second. The question, whether justice is possible at all, suggests itself whether in a situation when people are more or less equal, or with limited altruism and/or selfishness and scarce resources.
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PL
Ebbs and flows of liberalism In choosing this subject, I have subscribed to the assumption that political history takes turns, not unlike the alternating rhythms of social change. It turns from faith to the mirage of earthly salvation; from an eschatological war to the susceptibility toward acquiescence; and from ideological animation to the cynical contests for power and one’s own self‑seeking interests. According to this premise, the ideo‑political construction of a liberal micro‑history is curtailed by the growth and withering - the ebb and flow - of the proclivity to freedom.
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EN
Social/antisocial: In choosing subject, I have subscribed the assumption that political history takes turns, not unlike the alternating rhythms of social change: from faith to the mirage of earthly salvation, and from eschatological war to the susceptibility to acquiesce; from ideological animation to the cynical contest for power and one’s own self-seeking interests. According to this premise, the ideo-political construction of the liberal micro-history is curtailed by the growth and withering-the ebb and flow-of the proclivity to freedom.
EN
As the well-known proverb goes, war is a continuation of politics by other means. Every realistic political perspective acknowledges the possibility of war as the last resort in solving agonal conflicts. As such, politics is to war as the threat of force is to its actual use.With skepticism, my paper explores the presupposition that war can be a lawful, legitimate instrument of politics. Specifically, I consider two opposing “just war” paradigms- the realistic and moralistic.
PL
Znane jest powiedzenie, że wojna jest kontynuacją polityki za pomocą innych środków. Oznacza to, że każda realistyczna polityka bierze pod uwagę możliwość wojny  jako ostateczny środek  rozstrzygania agonalnego  sporu. Polityka ma się zatem  do wojny tak,  jak zagrożenie użycia siły  do  jej realnego zastosowania. W swoim referacie sceptycznie  rozważę  możliwość  przekształcenia wojny w urządzenie prawne. Przedstawię dwa przeciwstawne kanony rozważania wojny sprawiedliwej: realistyczny i moralistyczny.
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EN
On the example of a workload dispute (a version of a ‘border dispute’) I present the general problem of two persons – M and P – with equal entitlements to one commodity, which is equally desired by both of them. They are both moderately altruistic; they are not angels untempted by a selfish willingness to get their own way, nor are they devils, who want to destroy others even if it leads to self-destruction. As human beings operating in a world of limited goods, they are so physically and intellectually feeble that neither of them is able to permanently enslave the other and submit him to the second person’s will. Such being the case, each solution to the problem means that the profit of one person is the loss of the second. The question, whether justice is possible at all, suggests itself whether in a situation when people are more or less equal, or with limited altruism and/or selfishness and scarce resources.
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