Search results - CEJSH

1

Erós a hodnoty

100%

Hauser M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 1

65-75

EN

This article aims at the question how to identify with values after the postmodern criticism undermining the very roots of the relationship to them. The point is that postmodern thinking usually conceives a desire for values (including the constitutive European values, as truth, good, justice and so on) as a kind of a trap setting by a power discourse. The desire we can interpret as Platonic Eros becomes an instrument of an enchainment. The question, however, is how to account for a lacking being an impulse to the desire. An Deleuzian conception of the lacking from Anti-Oidipus is outlined to be exposed the lacking as a secondary effect of an 'order of representation'. The alternative account for the lacking is possible to find as we address to Lacan and Zizek. The lacking and the desire are bound up with the symbolic order which requires an act repression, as 'meconnaissance' or 'symbolic castration' but at the same time produces a new kind of desire. The values belongs to the symbolic order working due to a phantasmic supplement making up a constitutive exception. The symbolical order appears as Law generating its transgression. This is an obstacle to the full identification with the symbolical order and values as well. According to Zizek's account, Christianity provides us with a manner how to suspend the obstacle. It's a love (agape) subverting the vicious circle of Law. Thus, Eros is found on Agape.

2

'PERSONS' AND PERSONS

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Snowdon P.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2009

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vol. 16

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issue 4

449-476

EN

In chapter 3 of 'Individuals', entitled 'Persons', Strawson argues against dualism and the no-ownership theory, and proposes instead that our concept of a person is a primitive concept. In this paper, it is argued that the basic questions that frame Strawson's discussion, and some of his main arguments and claims, are dubious. A general diagnosis of the source of these problems is proposed. It is argued that despite these problems Strawson gives an accurate and very insightful description of the way we think about ourselves, which should form the starting point for more speculative accounts of ourselves.

3

EMOTION, INTENTIONALITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF EMOTION: IN DEFENSE OF A RESPONSE DEPENDENCE THEORY

100%

Yang S.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2009

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vol. 16

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issue 1

82-104

EN

In explaining emotion, there are strong cognitive views, which reduce emotion to belief/thought or judgment. Misgivings about assimilating emotion to belief/thought/judgment have been a main reason for moving towards perceptual accounts for many authors. The author's aim in this paper is to defend a perceptual theory. To this end, he first argues against a crude version of cognitivism that views emotion essentially in terms of thought or belief. He then argues that doubts about the assimilation of emotion to belief explain the appeal of 'perception' as the 'cognitive element' most appropriate to the analysis of emotion. Then he shall discuss why perception is the right category to fit emotional responses into by contrasting some considerations adduced by Sabine Doring and by Jesse Prinz. He shall show that Prinz ignores the perspective aspect of perception, while Doring fails to explain the indiscriminability in perceptual experience. For these reasons, both Prinz's and Doring's views are insufficient to explain emotional recalcitrance or unmerited emotional response. To explain emotional recalcitrance, he argues that we must appeal to a disjunctivist theory of visual experience. He shall demonstrate why we should prefer the explanation in terms of indiscriminability over one which appeals to a common element, such as a thought or representation of something as dangerous, for example. The present critical examination will afford an alternative view of the appropriateness of emotions.

4

N. O. Losskij a Československo

100%

Sládek K.

Studia theologica

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2006

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vol. 8

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issue 1

45-61

EN

Translations of two books by Russian philosopher N. O. Lossky (1870-1965) have been published in Czech recently, History of Russian Philosophy and Doctrine of Reincarnation. Lossky had a huge impact and influence in the exploration of philosophy in the former Czechoslovakia. In 1921, he was forced to leave the USSR. First he found refuge in Czechoslovakia, where he taught at the university in Prague. There he published in the Czech language: 'Theoretical and Practical Meaning of Teachings of Professor Hoppe about I' (1933); Metaphysical Conception of Human Personality in the Sense of Teachings of V. Hoppe (1934); Industrialism, Communism and the Loss of Personality (1934); 'Resurrection' (1934); Dialectic Materialism (1938). After the outbreak of World War II, he taught at the university in Bratislava and published in the Slovak language: Conditions of the Perfect Good (1944); Absolute Criterion of Truth (1946), and Dostoyevsky and His Christian Worldview (1946). In his books, Lossky deepened his philosophical theory of intuitionism and he paid special attention to cognitive coordination. Lossky described his metaphysical conception as hierarchical individualism or organic concrete ideal-realism.

5

ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ITS VERSIONS. CIRCULATING REFERENCE, PERSPECTIVISM, AND ONTOLOGICAL FRACTIONALITY (Arterioskleroza i jej wersje Krazaca referencja, perspektywizm i ontologiczna frakcyjnosc)

100%

Abriszewski K., Afeltowicz L.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 3-4

295-313

EN

The article refers to the concept of circulating reference, previously presented in 'Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa'. The main question is then: what happens when there is more than one network of circulating reference? Traditionally, philosophy explained such a situation in terms of multiple competing pictures (representations) of a single object. It is offered then an epistemological perspectivism as a plausible explanation. Following the works of a Dutch philosopher, Annemarie Mol, the authors argue that the very problem should be posed as an ontological one, and not as epistemological, since what is crucial here are practices and material interventions in the 'pieces of the world' instead of just cognitive representations. The argument is build around the case of atherosclerosis of lower limbs. Multiplied atherosclerosis should be then viewed as an 'object' which is more than one, and less than many. To grasp this unclear situation, one may speak, referring to John Law, about an object and its fractions.

6

Boží bytí jako nekonečné Ano. Pojetí Boha podle filosofie Franze Rosenzweiga

100%

Samohyl J.

Studia theologica

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2009

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vol. 11

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issue 2

26-34

EN

This essay introduces one of the leading personalities of dialogic personalism. First there are some crucial events in Rozenzweig's life, which influenced his thought. The aim of this essay is to describe Rozenzweig's concept of God through his distinction in terms of God-human-world, his concept of revelation, the concept of relationship in general, but also through Jewish tradition, which was the most important influence on his thought.

7

Durdík a Hostinský: počátky darwinismu v Čechách

100%

Stibral K.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2010

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vol. 32

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issue 3

319-339

EN

The text is focused on the acceptance and perception of Darwinism in 19th-century Bohemia, when the diffusion and interpretation of Darwin's teachings were paradoxical connected with two professors of aesthetics from Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague, Josef Durdik and Otakar Hostinsky. Although they somewhat simplified the theory of natural selection, they understood Darwin's theory to be the arrival of a new paradigm (in contrast to contemporary biologists working in the Czech lands). This text presents and compares both aestheticians' interpretations of Darwinism, mainly their stance on the theory of natural selection, the possibilities for applying this theory to aesthetics and art theory, as well as their relationship to Darwin's interpretation of aesthetic phenomena in nature. As a supplement, a short emphasis on Darwin's teaching in texts of other Czech aesteticians (Tyrs, Klacel, Volek) follows.

8

Between Resentment and Forgiveness: Public Histories in the Czech and South African Transitions

100%

Hladik R.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2009

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vol. 31

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issue 2

113-137

EN

Departing from the recent scholarship that acknowledges fundamental similarities in the post-colonial and the post-socialist experiences, the article argues that comparisons across these two contexts and paradigms prove themselves to be a useful tool for analysis of specific problems of transitioning societies. This claim is demonstrated by examination of the making of public history of the recent past in the Czech Republic and South Africa. Two authoritative aspects of public history are considered: the state-sanctioned commemoration and historiography. Whereas the South African state has sought by the means of transitional justice to reconcile the former victims and victimizers in a shared quest for the truth, the Czech state prioritizes legislative and judiciary assignment of retroactive blame. The South African historiography is closely tied to collective memory and prefers the approach of social history. The Czech historiography of the recent past is dominated by the totalitarian paradigm and prioritizes archival work. In both cases, the political and the historiographical projects seem to overlap in crucial points. It is suggested that the articulation of public history as either resentment or forgiveness may have been ultimately predetermined by the forms of resistance to the oppressive regimes.

9

TIL AND ESSENTIALISM

100%

Sebela K.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2008

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vol. 15

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issue 3

358-368

EN

The paper focuses on the relation of the so-called 'Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL)' and 'Aristotelian Essentialism'. TIL is presented here as an antiessentialist system. The author analyses the reasons of TIL's anti-essentialism, and he sees the main reasons in the very conception of the possible worlds, which is preferred by TIL, as well as in the ontological status of the properties and secondarily in the relation between the individuals and properties, as TIL conceives it. He asserts that even within the frame of TIL it is possible to formulate a certain version of the Aristotelian Essentialism and he points out the intuitions that are connected with the concept of essence and preserved by the formulated conception, contrary to TIL and other systems of modern logic.

10

CARNAP AND NEWTON: TWO APPROACHES TO THE METHOD OF THEORY CONSTRUCTION (PART I)

100%

Hanzel I.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2009

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vol. 16

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issue 2

183-213

EN

The paper compares Carnap's and Hempel's Standard Conception of Scientific Theories with Newton's method of theory construction as applied in his Principia. It is shown that the latter is built, contrary to Carnap's and Hempel's views, by a cyclical method.

11

'GRAMMAR RULE' IN LATER WITTGENSTEIN

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Cana T.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2006

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vol. 13

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issue 3

349-360

EN

The paper deals with Ludwig Wittgenstein's approach to the 'rule following activities'. Wittgenstein made many profound remarks, especially on the nature of the rules determining our communication in an everyday language. Some of these remarks are in the center of a current philosophical controversy known as 'rule following considerations'. Among many contributors the most important one is probably Saul Kripke. The aim of this paper is to refute Kripke's interpretation of Wittgenstein's approach to these activities, which Kripke developes in his book 'Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language'. According to Kripke, the central argument of 'Philosophische Untersuchungen' - the private language argument - leads us to so-called sceptical conclusion. From this conclusion it follows that in the everyday language there is no clear meaning of the term 'following a rule'. The paper is an attempt to reconsider this approach and to demonstrate that this sceptical interpretation of the private language argument is misleading.

12

Funkce Rozumu v estetickém prožitku

100%

Zuska V.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2010

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vol. 32

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issue 2

227-234

EN

The study considers Whitehead's conception of the Reason (articulated especially in his The Function of Reason) as a regulative factor in every aesthetic experience along with Whitehead's opinion of the basic aesthetic character of every experience. These thoughts are compared with contemporary findings of neuroaesthetics and the Reception aesthetics, in order to demonstrate how stimulating Whitehead's philosophy is even for the present-day aesthetics.

13

Krajina jako maska přírody: Estetika subverze versus estetika konformity

100%

Zuska V., Dadejik O.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2007

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vol. 44

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issue 1-4

28-44

EN

The article considers the possibilities of the function and constitution of aesthetic value in the contemporary, ambivalent notion of landscape. It begins with a preliminary analysis of three key concepts central to current discussions - namely, nature, landscape, and environment. It presents one of the dominant models of contemporary ideas about the aesthetics of landscape - the natural environmental model - and in particular its ambition to accommodate both the true character of today's relationship between man and his habitat and our aesthetic experience and understanding of it. Mainly, the essay points out the theoretical difficulties implied in this. In conclusion, the article suggests the hidden ethical dimension of our possible relationship to our environment (that is, nature-in-landscape).

14

Karteziánský kruh a některá jeho možná řešení

100%

Heider D.

Studia theologica

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2006

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vol. 8

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issue 1

22-44

EN

The study deals with a 'systematic chronology' of various sophisticated strategies, present in the analytical philosophy, in particular during the years 1960-1980, which aim to rescue Descartes' metaphysics and epistemology from an old and famous objection called 'The Cartesian Circle Objection'. It presents the strategy called 'Memory Gambit' which seems to be at hand. The author refutes it because it is in contradiction with many passages of Cartesian corpus. Then it shows which variants of epistemic interpretation can be used as vehicles for liberation of Descartes from the Cartesian Circle. However, it argues that it is particularly a psychological version of an exemption strategy which, as the best interpretative strategy, can be ascribed to Descartes and to his project to obtain firm and stable knowledge.

15

Interpersonální dialog jako východisko metafyziky

100%

Machula T.

Studia theologica

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2010

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vol. 12

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issue 2

54-65

EN

The article deals with American Personalist Thomist, W. N. Clarke, and his theory of the foundation of metaphysics in interpersonal dialogue. Classical Thomist metaphysics is based on the philosophy of nature. Clarke does not reject this approach, but he prefers his theory as better and more useful. His theory has realist roots and tries to avoid the mistakes that are present, according to him, in Cartesian and Kantian approaches.

16

Contrary Feelings and the Cognitive Significance of Art

100%

Alcaraz L. M. J.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2011

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vol. 48

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issue 1

64-81

EN

Emotional response to artworks as a source of moral training or experimentation has long been disputed in the history of aesthetics. In this article I address the matter by focusing upon a kind of specimen that may by especially troublesome for an advocate of art's capacity to educate our sentiments. The cases I focus upon - which I place under the label of the asymmetry problem - are those in which our emotional or evaluative response seems contrary to the one we would have expected when the represented contents are real. I critically review some of the main arguments offered to explain these cases and to challenge the role of art in improving morals. I seek to explain why these responses are not as problematic as one may initially think and to consider in a new light art's capacity to shape our sensibilities.

17

ARISTOTLE ON LANGUAGE PARALOGISMS

100%

Dostalova L.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2006

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vol. 13

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issue 2

170-180

EN

Contributed paper concerns the misleading ways of argumentation caused by ambiguity of natural language as Aristotle describes them in his writing 'On Sophistical Refutations'. It will be shown that traditional and generally accepted interpretation of these paralogisms (especially of the third and fourth ones) is inappropriate and the new solution will be proposed.

18

Sociologie vědy a sociologická metateorie

100%

Petrusek M.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2007

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vol. 16/29

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issue 2

31-59

EN

The article surveys the ways science was thematized as a sociological subject. It starts with the reflections on knowledge and science in the Enlightenment, further reviews the main contributions of Comtean philosophy and sociology of science, stresses Merton's role in making the traditional sociology of knowledge open to empirical research, and traces the subsequent development of the field: the progress of quantitative analyses and ethnographic researches of science, the Kuhnian turn towards historicizing and Foucaultian turn towards the politics of science, the evolution of cognitive sociology of science, as well as the inspirations drawn from works of Bloor, Barnes, and Latour.

19

Globalisation and the Political Economy of Genetic Engineering

100%

Weston D.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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vol. 17/30

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issue 1

95-111

EN

This article argues that the development of genetic technologies has to be critically evaluated from a socio-political economy perspective to establish if, on balance, the benefits of such technologies outweigh their costs and risks. The article illustrates how the current governance of these technologies can be seen as 'undemocratic' because corporate interests dominate the directions in which the technologies are going. When aligned with the underlying socio-economic power structures globally, these technologies create a situation where the development of science and technology fail to be about the common good. The article begins with a brief overview of neo-liberal globalization. It examines key global institutional arrangements including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, international patenting laws and free trade agreements. It is argued that in their convergence with the biosciences, these are antithetical to democracy, instead entrenching the interests of corporations, rich elites and rich countries. Finally, some suggestions for reforming the global political economy are presented.

20

CAUSALITY, TRUTH AND REALITY

100%

Taliga M.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2010

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vol. 17

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issue 4

488-507

EN

The paper tries to analyze critically what is usually taken for granted - the causal relation between empirical knowledge about external world and the world which is (supposedly) known. The aim is neither to propose a new definition of knowledge nor to restate an old one but rather to take a closer look at the claim that knowledge is a true belief caused in a proper way by facts, events, etc. of the external world. This claim is a core of the epistemological approach usually labelled as a 'causal theory of knowledge', but there are many causal theories distinct from each other. The paper therefore sketches the causal components of D. Davidson's epistemology and the roles they play in the process of cognizing, first. Then it exposes more details of Davidson's approach and pushes some of them further critically.

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