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THE GARDEN SCULPTURES AT THE VOLHYNIAN ARISTOCRATIC RESIDENCE OF MLYNÓW AND THEIR CREATOR, GRZEGORZ CZAYKOWSKI

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Mikocka-Rachubowa K.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

2005

vol. 67

issue 3-4

251-257

At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, a magnificent residence was raised at Mlynów in Volhynia for its contemporaneous owner, Ludwika Chodkiewiczowa of the Rzewuskis. Work was commenced in 1785 with the laying out on both sides of a palatial parade courtyard of an extensive garden, in which pavilions, arbours, grottoes, cascades and miniature bridges were created. The main decorative element, however, were its stone statues. Little has been discovered on the subject of these sculptures, apart from their inclusion in an inventory of the residence at the end of the 18th century, in which no mention is made of their designer. Grzegorz Czaykowski, the sculptor commissioned was a completely unknown figure until now, and nothing is known about his other works. Archival materials preserved in the Wawel at Cracow reveal that he was a resident of Podkarmien - a village situated close to Mlynów - that he sculpted in wood and stone and he died some time after 1828. His creative work does not appear to have been of a particularly skilled level, although the fact he was entrusted with a contract of this importance seems to suggest that he must have enjoyed some renown among the local Polish aristocracy.

Italian sculptors of the king's Stanislaus Augustus court

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Mikocka-Rachubowa K.

Rocznik Historii Sztuki

2004

vol. 29

49-120

In the late 60s of the 18th century, in the last king of Poland Stanislaus Augustus' court, the studio of sculpture came into being. Works for the decoration of the king's palaces were created there. The director of this studio was the French sculptor André Le Brun, appointed by the king in Rome. His co-workers were exclusively Italians. By bringing them to Poland and performing the protectorate over their activity, Stanislaus Augustus created a significant center of sculpture in his court. The purpose of this article is to describe the activity of Italian sculptors, engaged by the king, who also worked for people from his circle. All of the works by Giacomo Monaldi (1733-1798) who came from Rome to Warsaw in the late 60s of the 18th century and later died there, concerned Poland. The three Staggi brothers from Carrara: Francesco Maria (1755-1788), Giovachino (1761-1809) and Pietro (1754-after 1814), are also famous mainly for the works which were completed for Stanislaus Augustus. On the contrary, Tommaso Righi (1727-1802) spent nearly all his life in Rome, where he created many well known pieces of sculpture. He came to Poland when he was almost 60 and lived there until the end of his life. Giacomo Contieri, the sculptor from Venice, also worked in Stanislaus Augustus' court in the 80s of the 18th century. In the archives we can find many works by Italian 'formatori' Davino Cristofani and Giuseppe Pellegrini, engaged by the court during this period. In 1787-1794, the 'marble factory' was also working near the quarries in Debnik, near Cracow. It employed mostly Italians coming from Carrara; the most remarkable of them was Leonardo Galli (1760-1812). After the abdication of Stanislaus Augustus, some of his sculptors left, seeking employment elsewhere; others remained in Poland but the king's center of sculpture ceased to exist in the mid 90s of the 18th century. 41 Illustrations.

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THE GARDEN SCULPTURES AT THE VOLHYNIAN ARISTOCRATIC RESIDENCE OF MLYNÓW AND THEIR CREATOR, GRZEGORZ CZAYKOWSKI

Italian sculptors of the king's Stanislaus Augustus court