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Veřejná připomínka smrti – pomníčky u silnic obětem dopravních nehod

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Nesporova O.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 1
139-164
EN
Roadside memorials can be seen more and more often along Czech roads. This way of coping with the death of friend or family member in a road accident spread markedly during the 1990s - twenty years after the number of road traffic fatalities reached its peak. Roadside memorials in the Czech Republic are not officially regulated by either local or traffic authorities, but they are usually illegal, because they tend to be erected on state or private property without permission. Traffic authorities unofficially tolerate such memorials as long as they do not obstruct traffic or essential road maintenance. The memorials are usually built as permanent structures intended to remind travellers of both the accident and the deceased, the majority of whom are young men. One hundred such memorials were examined in this research and almost all of them had flowers and candles and more than two-thirds featured the symbol of the cross. Such memorials are constructed and visited by the bereaved - parents and other relatives (spouse, siblings) or friends. The memorial holds a special meaning for those who built it; it represents an intimate bond with both the life and death of the victim. Drivers generally perceive such memorials as reminders that they are passing through a potentially dangerous location and that they should drive more carefully. Most drivers seem to understand the reaction of the bereaved and tolerate roadside memorials, even though this stark reminder of the violent death of a road accident victim may make them feel uncomfortable. Public memorials provide a relatively new, personalised form of expressing grief that extends private mourning into the public domain.
2
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BELIEVER PERSPECTIVES ON DEATH AND FUNERAL PRACTICES IN A NON-BELIEVING COUNTRY

100%
Nesporova O.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2007
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vol. 43
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issue 6
1175-1194
EN
The article describes attitudes towards death and funeral rites in contemporary Czech society. It begins by revealing the attitudes to death held by the majority of the Czech population - non-believers. The customary secular funeral ceremony, held in a crematorium, is not entirely well suited to meeting the needs of the bereaved, and this is borne out by the fact that about one-third of all cremations are held without a funeral ceremony. The author argues that the current situation is not solely the result of the economic situation of individuals but also stems from the deeply rooted attitudes and values and the approach to religion of the Czech population. The second part of the article is devoted to the attitudes towards death and the funeral rite preferences of believers, based on a survey conducted with members of three religious groups: Roman Catholics, Protestants (Church of the Czech Brethren), and Jehovah's Witnesses. Finally, the author compares the attitudes of the secular majority and believers, and also outlines the connections between conditions today and under the former communist regime regarding the general approach to death and funeral rites.
3
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Životní styl rodin s otci na rodičovské dovolené

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Nesporova O.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2006
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vol. 7
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issue 1
32-36
EN
The article provides information on parental leave taken by fathers in the Czech Republic in comparison with the situation in other European countries. Above all, a concrete assessment based on the experience of families in which men have already taken advantage of parental leave are described; only briefly are mentioned attitudes of Czech parents generally towards parental leave taken by fathers. It introduces life-style of Czech families with fathers using parental leave on the basis of conducted qualitative research. The main stress is put on the actors' point of view, which is presented in relation with broader social context, especially in the field of gender roles and reconciliation of family and work life. As an example, one case study was presented to point out the trends of new fatherhood and life-style of the families where father is taking parental leave. It has been found that families in which fathers have used parental leave for some period of time appreciate the experience on the whole.
4
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Rodina a rodičovství v křesťanství a islámu

100%
Nesporova O.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2005
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vol. 6
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issue 1
3-7
EN
In contemporary societies religion has still a great influence on the culture and the way of organizing social life. Consequently family, its structure, norms, functions and roles are determined by the religion and its values. The paper presents the role of marriage in the Christian and Islamic societies. Whereas for Christians the celibate plays a key role as it is seen as the most desirable way of life, Islam religion does not recommend the state of womanlessness. However, the status of women in both Christian and Muslim families is shaped by patriarchal attitudes rooted in the social values. The authoress discusses pre-marital institution, e. g. an institution of 'mahr' - a gift of money or valuables given by the bride's family to that of the groom to permit their marriage which serves aftewards as a private savings of the wife in the case of divorce. Furthermore, she compares ways of upbringing of children and attitudes to divorce in both religions. Finally, she considers both religions similar in their concept of family due to their common judaic origin. (http://www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2005120101)
5
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Smrt, umírání a pohřební rituály v české společnosti ve 20. století

100%
Nesporova O.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2007
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vol. 14
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issue 2-3
354-378
EN
In this article the authoress considers the topic of death, dying and funeral rites in Czech society in the broader European and historical context. In the first part, she presents the social-science conception of the taboo on death in early twentieth-century European society and then the gradual lifting of that taboo owing mainly to an interest in dying, which appeared from about the 1960s. She also outlines developments in funeral rites, typical of which is the transition from the traditionally Christian (particularly Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox) laying of the dead body into the ground to cremation and the scattering of ashes. Against the background of these developments in Western society she then considers the situation in Czech society, which, owing to forty years of Communist rule and the high degree of secularization, was rather different from Western Europe. Indeed, questions related to dying and hospice care were generally not dealt with by Czechs till the 1990s. The great mistrust of churches has led to less than half of all present-day funeral ceremonies including a religious component. Moreover, Czech society has lost the awareness that organizing a funeral ceremony is a necessity for both the deceased and the bereaved. Consequently, about a third of all cremations in this country take place without any real ceremony.
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