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EN
In this article an attempt is made to investigate the characteristic sound of the organ produced by the famous, 19th-century French organ maker Aristide Cavaillé-Coll (1811-1899), who made over 500 instruments, of which many were constructed outside France. He produced both small organs for liturgical purposes, and concert instruments in which he realised his own technical and sonorous ideas in the spirit inherited from the romantic era. The analysis considers instruments produced in various periods of Cavaillé-Coll's lifetime, namely 19 one-manual and 22 two-manual instruments. The characteristic of their particular sound-combinations, dispositions of registers, voices etc. allows one to draw the conclusion that Cavaillé-Coll followed his own, idealistic model of sound. It was exactly this model which served as a basis for practical dispositions of voices in the majority of his instruments, which were to imitate the sound of a symphony orchestra and contributed to the development of the so-called French symphonic organ school.
PL
W referacie nawiązano do przeprowadzonych analiz oddziaływania wiatru na wieżowiec o nieregularnym rzucie i wysokości nieprzekraczającej 200 m. Celem badawczym było porównanie przyjmowanych normowych wartości obciążeń wiatrem, w stosunku do wartości uzyskanych w badaniach modelowych. Porównanie przeprowadzono w zakresie ciśnień szczytowych wiatru działających na fasady oraz sił wypadkowych działających na konstrukcję budynku. Zasadnicze różnice wynikały z braku uwzględnienia wpływu sąsiedniej zabudowy w obliczeniach wg PN-EN. Wypadkowe siły powstałe po scałkowaniu pomierzonych doświadczalnie ciśnień były znacznie mniejsze niż siły założone zgodnie z PN EN. Można stwierdzić, że wyniki uzyskane z badań doświadczalnych, jako opracowania bardziej miarodajne, mogą stanowić podstawę do przyjmowania mniejszych wartości obciążeń.
EN
In the paper there is reference to the analysis of wind influence on the skyscraper of an irregular plan and the height not exceeding 200 metres. The aim of the research was the comparison of wind load values based on eurocodes in relation to the results of experimental research carried out in an aerodynamic tunnel. The comparison concerned wind spike pressure influencing the facades of the building and resultant forces acting on its structure. The major differences of force values calculated in accordance with euro codes and these obtained from experimental research resulted from not taking into account the influence of neighbouring buildings in calculations based on PN-EN. The resultant forces arising from the integration of experimentally measured pressure were significantly smaller than those calculated in accordance with PN-EN. To conclude, one might state that the results obtained from experimental research - as more reliable ones - could be the basis for assuming smaller wind loads.
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