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  1. 3 Wieś i Rolnictwo

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  1. 1 2006

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  1. 3 Frenkel I.

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1

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE NON-FARM RURAL POPULATION (IN THE LIGHT OF THE 2002 NATIONAL CENSUS)

100%
Frenkel I.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2005
|
issue 2(127)
64-82
EN
The article presents the results of analyses covering the social, economic and demographic structure of Poland's non-farm rural population, that are based on the data provided by the National Census of May 2002. Special attention was given in these analyses to the non-farm rural population's breakdown into the groups of employed, unemployed and vocationally passive persons as well as to the structure of each of these groups according to the criterion of sex, age and the level of education. The structure of the group of employed persons was additionally analysed in accordance with the criterion of the main place of work and the status of employment (hired employees and self-employed persons), whereas the structure of the group of unemployed persons was additionally examined in accordance with the criterion of duration of the search for a job. All the analysed structures of the non-farm rural population were compared with the analogous structures of the urban population. One of the main aims of such comparison was to check and concretize the hypothesis that the non-farm rural population had a worse position on the labour market than the population living in towns. The results of the conducted analyses have proved this hypothesis to be true. Its correctness has been confirmed by the fact that: a) the employment index is lower for the group of non-farm rural population than for the group of urban population (33.1% and 41.2%, respectively, of persons aged 15 and over); (b) the rate of unemployment is higher in the group of non-farm rural population than in the group of urban population (31.0% and 22.1%, respectively); (c) the percentage of vocationally passive persons is higher in the group of non-farm rural population than in the group of urban population (48.6% and 43.2%, respectively, of persons aged 15 and over); d) the search for a job is longer in the case of the unemployed persons from rural areas than in the case of the unemployed persons living in towns (the search for a job lasted longer than 24 months for 27.7% and 24.5% of the unemployed, respectively). The presented indicators were clearly worse both in the case of men and women living in rural areas than in the case of men and women residing in towns. They were also worse for all the age groups of the non-farm rural population. On the other hand, the differences in indicators characterising the non-farm rural population and urban population were minimal or non-existent in the groups of persons representing the same level of education. The latter suggests that one of the main factors increasing the non-farm rural population's chances for employment may be the rise in the general level of its education, which is currently far lower than that of the urban population.
2

POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE RURAL AREAS OF POLAND AND IN THE EU COUNTRIES

100%
Frenkel I.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 1(130)
24-70
EN
The article contains a comparative analysis of selected elements of the demographic situation, employment and unemployment in Poland, rural areas included, and in the remaining EU member-states as well as some other European countries. The main object of analysis were the to-date trends (chiefly those prevailing since 1990) and predicted tendencies (until 2030) relating to growth/fall in total population and rural population, the level of natality and mortality, the population's structure according to sex, age and the level of education, the employment rate and frequency of employment in agriculture and of selfemployment, the rate of unemployment and selected features of unemployment. Data available from Eurostat and other international sources as well as from Polish statistical sources served as the basis for comparison. Whenever it was possible the examined phenomena were presented according to the division into urban and rural areas. The conducted comparisons made it possible to determine similarities and differences in the examined processes and structures in Poland and other European countries as well as some factors responsible for these similarities and differences, to determine the role of Poland in the shaping of these phenomena in the European Union and the distance that separates Poland from the more advantageous state existing in the EU.
3

CHANGES IN THE FARM POPULATION 1996-2000

100%
Frenkel I.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 3(124) Sup
70-88
EN
This article analyses changes in the size and economic activity of the farm population in 1996-2000. The analysis is based on the results of two agricultural censuses carried out at that time. The former one was a general census and the latter one was a representative census. The following major changes were detected. The number of farms (with an agricultural area of over one hectare) diminished by 8% and their average area increased from 7.0 hectares to 7.2 hectares in the period between the two censuses. The population diminished at a steeper rate than the number of farms. This can largely be attributed to the drop in average number of farmer family members and especially in the number of children. Analysis of the structure of the adult population by economic activity revealed three major types of change: a drop in the proportion of the population working exclusively or mainly on the farm from about 60% to about 52%; stabilisation of the proportion of the population working exclusively or mainly elsewhere (off their own farms) at about 22%; increase of the proportion of the non-working population from about 17% to about 24% (data for farms larger than one hectare). The last part of the article analyses the determinants of the changes in economic activity of the farming population, with special emphasis on the effect of educational development, the situation on the labour market and factors relating to the retirement of farmers.
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