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Geopolítica del gas en Sudamérica

100%
del Valle Guerrero A. L.
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales
|
2014
|
vol. 1
EN
The purpose of this paper is to explain by means of a geopolitical approach the present state and perspectives of the South American energy sector between 2004 and 2011 – focused on the use of gas.There are situations where conflicts move from bilateral problems to regional ones. Beginning in 2004 as a binational crisis centered in Argentina and Chile, it became a regional and global one after the active participation of France and Russia which determined large-scale changes. These processes of change are analyzed by applying a qualitative methodology that, through the analysis of speech of critical geopolitics allows to perceive the complex power relations that exist between the actors outside the region – such as Russia, Iran and France – with key regional players – Brazil, Venezuela and Bolivia, through a series of non-traditional partnerships that arise as a result of changes in regional and global scenario.
ES
El propósito de esta ponencia es analizar los cambios ocurridos en el sector energético sudamericano entre 2004 y 2011 – centrados en el recurso gas – donde se observan situaciones que avanzan desde un conflicto bilateral, a una cuestión regional con la posterior incorporación de actores globales históricamente ajenos a la región. Estos procesos de cambio son analizados mediante la aplicación de una metodología cualitativa que, a través del análisis de discurso que realiza la geopolítica crítica, permite percibir las complejas relaciones de poder que se establecen entre los distintos actores extraregionales de carácter global – como Rusia, Irán y Francia – con los principales actores regionales – Brasil, Venezuela y Bolivia – mediante una serie de alianzas no tradicionales que se originan como consecuencia de cambios en el escenario regional y mundial.
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