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EN
This article analyzes syntactic differences that regularly occur in two Bulgarian translations of the Bible. These two translations are at present commonly available. These are (1) 'Bibliya sirech knigite na Sveshtenoto pisanie na Vethiya i Noviya Zavet', published in 1998 by the Convocation of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, and (2) 'Noviyat Zavet na nashiya Gospod Iisus Hristos', published in 2002 by the Bulgarian Biblical Society. Whereas the former text exhibits archaic features, the latter is a typical text written in the contemporary Bulgarian language. The observed contrasts regarding the clausal syntax (especially regarding the position of the subject) suggest that a functional analysis is required, both with respect to the location of the theme/rheme distinction in the sentence structure as well as the properties of sentential intonation. The general conclusion reached by the author is that the convocative translation manipulates word orders in such a way so as to render a non-neutral (archaic) style whereas the translation by the Biblical Society uses intonation for this purpose. In the latter case this happens because of a tendency among contemporary translators to place the subject in the sentence-initial position to avoid the subject-predicate inversion. The inversion is typical of the convocative translation and in some sentence types it gives rise to a non-natural intonation.
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2009
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vol. 58
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issue 2
215-233
EN
(Title in Polish - 'O szczegolnym typie zjawiska kompresji i o interpretacji struktur zdaniowych bedacych jej efektem (na przykladzie jezyka bialoruskiego i jezyka polskiego)). The study raises the issue of the incomplete realization of syntactic-semantic structures in Slavonic languages: in Belarussian, Bulgarian and Polish. The mechanism of syntactic compression, labeled alternatively as syntactic condensation, is perceived as a noncontextual reduction of the direct proposition's predicate position. In the surface structure, this slot is fiiled by one of the arguments. In the research, the linguistic material was studied on the three levels: propositional structures, explication patterns and structural patterns (sentence models). In addition, three factors of sentence compression were investigated: semantic, cultural-cognitive (for exemple, semantic standards), and thematic-rematic (i.e.communicational).
EN
The analysis of the language confrontation issues presented in the paper shows the imperfection of the results of research where two or more languages are compared based on a formal inventory, i.e. the so-called morpho-syntactical features and values. The use of interlanguage as a language of consistent and simple notions helps overcome the formal barrier, and ensures that the individual confronted languages are always referred to the same meaning plane, known traditionally as tertium comparationis. The results of research on natural languages obtained based on a confrontation with a semantic interlanguage are comparable and have an equal status. The approach presented in the Part 2 motivates syntactical phenomena by semantic features of predicative units, as well as by the specific structure of the argument places opened by those units. The objects contained within those places are carriers of states in the sense of net theory, but describing that sphere solely by its relations to states and events does not exhaust the whole problem area. The paper presents an outline of an apparatus of analysis starting with the semantic plane, in which the elements of the interlanguage are classes of semantic predicates and the set of 'predicate- argument positions' defined by positions at possibly simple predicates. The paper also shows problems connected with the condensation phenomena. As an effect of such phenomena, some elements of the semantic structure are only realized superficially, and functions of argument phrases might be sometimes neutralized.
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