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Text topic interest, willingness to read and the level of reading comprehension among adults – the role of gender and education level

100%
Charzyńska E.
The New Educational Review
|
2015
|
vol. 39
84-95
EN
The aim of the study was to examine the relations between variables connected with the reader (interest in the text topic and willingness to read it) and the level of reading comprehension among adults, after controlling for text difficulty. The study involved 1549 users of Polish aged from 18 to 87. Open-ended questions were used to measure reading comprehension. It was proved that the model taking into account variables related to the reader better predicted reading comprehension than the model only taking into account text difficulty. Moderation analysis showed a little stronger relation between text topic interest and reading comprehension in the group of women than in the group of men. It was also noted that among adults with lower levels of education text topic interest and willingness to read it were more strongly related to the level of comprehension than among better educated people. The discussion focuses on the role of psychological factors in reading comprehension.
2
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Empirical Verification of the Polish Formula of Text Difficulty

63%
Charzyńska E., Dębowski Ł. J.
Cognitive Studies
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2015
|
issue 15
EN
Empirical Verification of the Polish Formula of Text DifficultyThe aim of the study was to verify the accuracy of the formula for assessing the difficulty of texts written in Polish (Pisarek 1969). The study involved 1,309 persons aged between 15 and 84. 15 texts were used, each approximately 300 words long, representing different subjects and varied difficulty level. Text comprehension was checked with multiple choice tests, the cloze procedure and open-ended questions. Significant correlations between the difficulty of a text and its comprehension were found (rmc(15) = -0.529, p = 0.043; ropen = -0.519, p = 0.047; rcloze = -0.656, p = 0.008). The results confirmed relative accuracy and usefulness of Pisarek's readability formula. The discussion includes proposed ways of improving the current form of the formula.
3
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The Role of Spirituality and Belief in Free Will in the Perception of Self-efficacy Among Young Adults

63%
Charzyńska E., Wysocka E.
The New Educational Review
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2014
|
vol. 36
194-205
EN
The primary goal of the study was to examine the relationships between spirituality, belief in free will and perceived self-efficacy among young adults. In order to develop the preliminary adaptation of the FAD-Plus questionnaire, used for measuring the lay beliefs in free will and three related constructs, Study 1 was carried out among 485 young adults. The tool had satisfactory psychometric properties. Study 2, in which 340 students participated, verified the role of believing in free will as a potential mediator between spirituality and perceived self-efficacy. In the case of male students, total mediation was found, and in the case of female students, partial mediation was noted. The studies indicate the need to put greater emphasis on the spiritual sphere and the sense of free will in the education provided for young adults.
4
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Związek pomiędzy niezadowoleniem z ciała i zmiennymi psychospołecznymi współwystępującymi z zaburzeniami odżywiania

63%
Brytek-Matera A., Charzyńska E.
|
2009
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vol. 12
|
issue 2
129-150
PL
Celem badania była ocena związków między niezadowoleniem z własnego ciała a wybranymi zmiennymi osobowościowymi u osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania. Metoda: Przebadano 109 pacjentek spełniających kryteria jadłowstrętu psychicznego (n = 65) oraz żarłoczności psychicznej (n = 44) według DSM-IV. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 65 zdrowych kobiet. W badaniach posłużono się Skalą Niezadowolenia z Własnego Ciała Kwestionariusza Zaburzeń Odżywiania, Kwestionariuszem Poczucia Własnej Wartości, Skalą Samowyrażania i Kontroli, Szpitalną Skalą Lęku i Depresji oraz Skalą Poczucia Umiejscowienia Kontroli. Wyniki: W badanej grupie pacjentek z anoreksją odnotowano znacząco niższy poziom niezadowolenia z własnego ciała, eksterioryzacji złości, zewnętrznego poczucia umiejscowienia kontroli oraz wiary w szczęście/przypadek w porównaniu z grupą pacjentek chorych na bulimię. Kobiety z jadłowstrętem psychicznym miały dodatkowo istotnie wyższy poziom rodzinnego poczucia własnej wartości oraz wewnętrznego poczucia umiejscowienia kontroli. U osób z anoreksją stwierdzono związki między niezadowoleniem z własnego ciała a: wiekiem (r = 0,440; p<0,01), rodzinnym poczuciem własnej wartości (r = -0,433; p<0,01) oraz zawodowym poczuciem własnej wartości (r = -0,412; p<0,01). W grupie kobiet z żarłocznością psychiczną niezadowolenie z własnego ciała pozostało zależne od eksterioryzacji złości (r = 0,434; p<0,01), kontroli w uzewnętrznianiu złości (r = 0,350; p<0,01), ogólnego poczucia własnej wartości (r = -0,438; p<0,01) oraz rodzinnego poczucia własnej wartości (r = -0,364; p<0,05). Wnioski: W przypadku osób z jadłowstrętem i bulimią psychiczną szczupła sylwetka wpływa na obraz siebie. Niezadowolenie z wizerunku własnego ciała należy traktować jako jeden z czynników wpływających na rozwój psychopatologii zaburzeń odżywiania.
EN
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body dissatisfaction and personality variables among anorexic and bulimic women. Method: 109 patients with a DSM-IV-based diagnosis of anorexia (n = 65) or bulimia nervosa (n = 44) were examined. The control group consisted of 65 healthy women. The Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory, Self-Esteem Inventory, the Self-Expression and Control Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Internal Powerful Others and Chance Scale were used in the study. Results: Body dissatisfaction, anger out, external control and belief in chance were significantly lower in the anorexic group as compared to the bulimic group. Additionally, the women suffering from anorexia had significantly higher family self-esteem and internal control. In the clinical sample of female adolescents suffering from anorexia, a correlation was found between body dissatisfaction and: age (r = 0,440; p<0,01), family self-esteem (r = -0,433; p<0,01) and professional self-esteem (r = -0,412; p<0,01). However, the body dissatisfaction in patients with bulimia nervosa was related to anger out (r = 0,434; p<0,01), anger out control (r = 0,350; p<0,01), general self-esteem (r = -0,438; p<0,01) and family self-esteem (r = -0,364; p<0,05). Conclusion: In the population suffering from anorexia and bulimia nervosa, the slim silhouette was found to be an important factor affecting self-image. Body dissatisfaction should be regarded as one of many factors influencing the development of psychopathology of eating disorders.
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